Oxford High School shooting

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Oxford High School shooting
Part of mass shootings in the United States
LocationOxford Township, Michigan, U.S.
Coordinates42°50′17″N 83°15′40″W / 42.83806°N 83.26111°W / 42.83806; -83.26111Coordinates: 42°50′17″N 83°15′40″W / 42.83806°N 83.26111°W / 42.83806; -83.26111
DateNovember 30, 2021 (2021-11-30)
c. 12:50[1] – c. 12:55 p.m.[2] (EST)
TargetStudents and staff at Oxford High School
Attack type
Mass shooting, school shooting
Weapons9 mm SIG Sauer SP 2022 semi-automatic handgun
Deaths4
Injured7
MotiveUnder investigation
Accused
  • Ethan Crumbley (accused gunman)
  • Jennifer and James Crumbley (Ethan's parents)
Charges

On November 30, 2021, a mass shooting occurred at Oxford High School in the Detroit exurb of Oxford Township, Michigan, United States. Four students were killed and seven people were injured, including a teacher. Authorities arrested and charged 15-year-old sophomore Ethan Crumbley as an adult for 24 crimes, including murder and terrorism. Crumbley's parents, Jennifer and James, were charged on December 3 with involuntary manslaughter for failing to secure the handgun used in the shooting.[4] After failing to appear for their arraignment, Jennifer and James Crumbley were the subjects of a manhunt by the U.S. Marshals; they were caught and arrested in Detroit on December 4.

Background

Oxford High School used the active shooter drill known as ALICE (Alert, Lockdown, Inform, Counter, and Evacuate), which uses proactive strategies to evade a gunman, such as using noise as a distraction and creating distance. The teachers were also trained to use a barrier at the base of the door called Nightlock, which was installed on every door of the school in 2017 per Michigan law.[5][6]

According to students and parents, rumors regarding threats of a mass shooting occurring at the school were circulating before the incident occurred, prompting some students to stay home on the day of the shooting.[7] Earlier that month, in response to an act of vandalism that included a severed deer head being thrown off the school roof and into the courtyard, school administrators published a note to parents, saying they had been investigating the rumors but found no threat.[1][8][9] Oakland County Sheriff Michael Bouchard said his office was not aware of any credible threats prior to the shooting.[10]

Shooting

Surveillance footage reportedly showed suspect Ethan Crumbley entering a bathroom with a backpack and then exiting it about a minute later without the backpack but with a semiautomatic handgun.[11] Immediately afterwards, prosecutors and school officials said Crumbley started firing in the hallway at students during passing time, when hundreds of students were transitioning from one class to another. When they started fleeing, he "methodically and deliberately" walked down the hallway and shot into classrooms and at students who were unable to escape until he went to another bathroom. Due to the quick response by students and staff to the gunshots, Crumbley was allegedly unable to enter any of the classrooms.[12][13][14][15]

According to students, a voice over the intercom alerted them to an active shooter, and their teachers started locking and barricading doors and covering windows, convincing them it was not a drill.[10] Others recounted hearing some loud banging noises, before realizing the noises were gunshots and quickly locking the door.[16] One student who hid in a bathroom stall recalled hearing the sound of a gun cocking outside the bathroom. Once the school was secured, he opened the bathroom door to find several bodies lying on the floor.[17][18]

At 12:51 p.m., police began receiving the first of around one hundred 9-1-1 calls about the shooting and responded to the school.[2] Within two to three minutes of the arrival of first responders, Crumbley was arrested unharmed by a deputy assigned as a school resource officer and a second deputy who had responded to the scene.[15][19][20] He allegedly still had seven rounds of ammunition loaded into his gun and two 15-round magazines when he was stopped by the deputies.[21][22][23] At a news conference, Oakland County Undersheriff Michael McCabe said the gunman gave up without any problems.[11][24][25][26] The entire shooting lasted about five minutes and occurred in the southern end of the school building.[1][24]

After the shooting occurred, the school went into lockdown. Some students were evacuated to a nearby Meijer store, and one woman helped children to shelter in her house.[17][19] Authorities conducted three sweeps of the school in search of victims and evidence.[24] At least one student posted a video to social media of people hiding in a classroom during the lockdown, where a person out in the hallway claimed to be law enforcement. Those in the classroom mistakenly believed they were speaking to the gunman, and they subsequently fled the classroom via the windows and were led to safety by a deputy.[21][27][28] Due to confusion from the video, Sheriff Bouchard clarified during a press conference that the gunman had never knocked on a door based on surveillance footage and the person was likely a detective trying to calm the students.[29]

Victims

Three students were killed at the scene, and eight other people were injured, including a teacher.[30] On December 1, a fourth student died in the hospital as a result of injuries sustained during the shooting.[2][31] The dead were aged between 14 and 17.[32][33] This incident was the deadliest school shooting in the United States since the Santa Fe High School shooting in 2018.[34]

By the night of November 30, three of the injured were in critical condition,[a] with one of them on a ventilator; one was in serious condition; three were in stable condition; and the injured teacher was discharged after being treated for a graze wound to the shoulder.[10] By December 5, one of the injured remained hospitalized in stable condition.[35]

Investigation

The school was processed by authorities, with video footage from security cameras in the school building being the investigators' primary focus. Officials told reporters that the cameras showed some of the actual shooting, and that Crumbley had a clear intent to kill other students, saying he fired through barricaded doors and aimed for the heads and chests of victims at close range.[28][36]

A search warrant was also executed at Crumbley's home, where a cell phone, a journal, several long guns, and other items were seized as part of the investigation around the shooting and Crumbley's prior social media posts.[37][38][39] The cell phone contained two videos of Crumbley, both of which were filmed the night before the shooting, and in which he purportedly talked about shooting and killing students at the school the next day. The journal also reportedly detailed "his desire to shoot up the school".[38][40] According to Sheriff Bouchard, investigators had spoken with Crumbley's parents during the search of their home, but not after.[41]

School response

Following public scrutiny of the school's handling of reports about Crumbley's behavior, the superintendent of Oxford Community Schools, the school district that includes Oxford High School, announced that a third-party investigation of the incident would be conducted.[42] He also said he would recommend a review of the district's "entire system" to school board members.[43] The office of Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel offered to conduct the investigation, but the district declined the offer.[44][45] Instead, the district will use an outside firm for the investigation.[46] Later, during an interview with WXYZ-TV, Nessel criticized the district's decision to hire a third party to conduct an investigation, saying she did not believe it was appropriate.[47][48] She also expressed her doubts that the results of the investigation would be made public.[46]

On December 6, prosecutor Karen McDonald said Oxford High School officials had legal grounds to search Crumbley's backpack and locker when concerns were raised about his behavior on the day of the shooting, but they never did so for unclear reasons. She also said that charges against school officials were not being ruled out.[47] On December 8, Nessel announced her office's intent to review the actions taken by the school leading up to the shooting, despite the district turning down her offer to do so, saying, "I really do think it's incumbent upon the Michigan Department of Attorney General and the top law enforcement official in the state to conduct a further review."[49]

Accused

The alleged shooter was identified as 15-year-old sophomore student Ethan Crumbley.[50] He was in class on the day of the shooting. Crumbley was placed under suicide watch after being taken to the county's juvenile detention facility.[10] He has maintained his right to silence, and his family has hired an attorney.[21]

A former neighbor told the Detroit Free Press that, in 2014 and 2015, Crumbley's parents Jennifer and James often left their son home alone and without a phone while frequenting bars in downtown Lake Orion. The neighbor became so concerned that she filed an anonymous complaint via phone to the state's child protective services agency, but she did not know if any action was taken.[51]

A 9 mm SIG Sauer SP 2022 semi-automatic handgun and at least two 15-round magazines were recovered from Crumbley, while a third magazine was found at the school. Bouchard said James Crumbley had purchased the gun under his name from a local shop on Black Friday, four days prior to the shooting. McDonald later said that Ethan Crumbley was with his father at the time of the purchase, and that he posted about it on social media later that day. McDonald also said that Jennifer Crumbley referred to the gun as Ethan's "new Christmas present" in a social media post. Based on recovered shell casings found in the school, authorities believe at least 30 shots were fired. It was unclear how the gunman took possession of the gun or how it was taken into the school building. In Michigan, minors cannot legally possess guns with limited exceptions, such as when hunting with an adult.[10][23][30][52][53]

Behavior prior to the shooting

Police said there was no indication that Crumbley had faced any disciplinary issues prior to the shooting, but Crumbley was reported to have met with school officials the day prior to the shooting, and again early on the day of the shooting, to discuss his behavior.[18][54] Prosecutor Karen McDonald later provided a timeline regarding the meetings. The first meeting occurred after a teacher spotted Crumbley using his phone to search for ammunition and reported him. During the discussion, Crumbley told them that he and his mother Jennifer had recently traveled to a shooting range and that "shooting sports are a family hobby."[12] School officials left a voicemail and email for Jennifer Crumbley; she did not respond, but she later texted her son, saying, "LOL I'm not mad at you. You have to learn not to get caught."[55] The second meeting occurred after another teacher found a violent drawing on Crumbley's desk, described by McDonald in a press conference as:

A drawing of a semiautomatic handgun, pointing at the words, "The thoughts won't stop. Help me." In another section of the note was a drawing of a bullet, with the following words above that bullet: "Blood everywhere." Between the drawing of the gun and the bullet is a drawing of a person who appears to have been shot twice and bleeding. Below that figure is a drawing of a laughing emoji. Further down the drawing are the words, "My life is useless." And to the right of that are the words, "The world is dead."[56]

The teacher took a photo of the drawing and reported Crumbley.[57][58] He was taken to a guidance counselor's office, where school staff called Crumbley's parents over. While waiting for them, school counselors did not observe any behavior from Crumbley that indicated he might harm others, according to the superintendent of Oxford Community Schools, which includes Oxford High School.[12] Upon their arrival, Crumbley's parents were shown the drawing – which Crumbley had scribbled over in an attempt to conceal its contents – and instructed to seek counseling for their son within 48 hours. They "resisted the idea" of Crumbley leaving the school at the time, and he was returned to class because he had no prior disciplinary issues.[12] According to McDonald, Crumbley had the weapon he used somewhere on the school grounds at the time of that meeting.[52]

After the second meeting, Crumbley allegedly committed the shooting at 12:50 p.m.[15][3][59] Prosecutors further alleged that, at 1:22 – seven minutes after the first news reports came in of a shooting at the school – Jennifer Crumbley texted her son, saying, "Ethan don't do it." At 1:37, James Crumbley called 9-1-1 to report a SIG Sauer SP 2022 handgun as missing, and also said Ethan "could be the gunman at Oxford High".[15][58]

According to the Oxford Community Schools superintendent, no discipline was warranted at the time of the meetings with Crumbley and his parents.[60] Sheriff Bouchard said concerns about Crumbley's behavior were not shared with his office.[61]

Legal proceedings

Against Ethan Crumbley

State of Michigan v. Crumbley
CourtMichigan 52nd Judicial District Court, Division 3
Citation(s)21-006611-FY
Court membership
Judge(s) sittingNancy T. Carniak

Crumbley was arraigned by a magistrate on homicide and attempted homicide charges shortly after he was arrested, to allow for continued custody, but he was not immediately charged as an adult. On December 1, he was charged with terrorism causing death, first-degree murder, assault with intent to murder, and possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony, with the possibility of more charges being added as the investigation continues.[62][63] According to the Associated Press, this appeared to be the first time in U.S. history where a terrorism charge was filed in relation to a gunfire incident on school grounds.[64] The terrorism charge is provided under Michigan law for "an act that is intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population", in this case, the Oxford High School community.[65]

Crumbley was charged as an adult,[66] and the judge, Nancy T. Carniak, entered a plea of not guilty on his behalf.[40] He was ordered to be held without bond and relocated to the Oakland County Jail,[40] and Carniak scheduled a probable cause conference[b] for December 13 and a preliminary examination for December 20.[68] Crumbley was appointed an attorney by the court after his parents hired lawyers for themselves, but did not do so for their son.[69]

At Crumbley's probable cause conference on December 13, Carniak postponed the upcoming preliminary examination to January 7, 2022 to allow prosecutors to review evidence. Crumbley's appointed guardian ad litem asked that he be moved back to the juvenile detention center the Children's Village as Crumbley could "hear other adults, which violates the [Michigan] statute for minors being held in adult facilities";[70] the request was denied by Carniak but assistant prosecutor Marc Keast said he would contact Oakland County Jail regarding Crumbley's proximity to adults.[71]

Against Crumbley's parents

Announcement of charges

After announcing the charges against Ethan Crumbley, prosecutor Karen McDonald told reporters that her office was also considering criminal charges against Crumbley's parents Jennifer and James in connection to the shooting. She said responsible gun ownership was crucial to stop tragedies and those who are not responsible should be held accountable.[63] On December 3, McDonald held a press conference in which she announced that both parents were being charged with four counts of involuntary manslaughter for their failure to secure the gun Crumbley used in the shooting. It was reported to be a rare instance of parents being charged in relation to a school shooting.[3][72][73]

Search on December 3–4

After charges were announced against Crumbley's parents Jennifer and James,[74] an alert was issued hours later by state authorities, as the Crumbleys had left the area. Both were supposed to appear with their attorney to turn themselves in but had failed to do so.[75] The Oakland County Sheriff's Office said the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the U.S. Marshals Service, and the Oakland County Fugitive Apprehension Team were searching for the parents;[76] the FBI said they were not involved at the time.[77]

Shortly after, the Crumbleys' attorneys told the Detroit Free Press that their clients did not flee but rather left town for their own safety and would return to be arraigned.[78] However, both parents missed their 4:00 p.m. arraignment and remained at large.[79] Undersheriff McCabe told CNN that the attorneys had not talked with the parents after attempting to reach them by phone and text without success.[72][80] CNN reported that Jennifer and James had withdrawn $4,000 from an ATM in Rochester Hills on December 3, and that they had turned off their cell phones.[72] Late on December 3, the U.S. Marshals released wanted posters for Jennifer and James and also announced rewards of up to $10,000 for information leading to their arrests.[81]

At around 11:05 p.m. on December 3, police received a tip from a business owner who found the Crumbleys' vehicle in his parking lot in Detroit, about 40 miles (64 km) from Oxford. The man also said he saw Jennifer Crumbley, who fled upon being spotted. Police responded to the scene about twenty minutes later and established a perimeter in the area. At around 2:00 a.m. on December 4, police took the couple into custody after finding them in a first-floor room at a nearby commercial building.[41][82][83][84][85] In a press conference on December 4, the Oakland County Sheriff reported that a person had assisted the parents in entering the building, that additional charges may be filed against them in relation to them fleeing, and that there would also be charges brought against the person that helped them.[86] He also said that the Crumbleys were unarmed and very distressed during the arrests, and that there was no indication they planned to surrender.[41][87]

The person believed to have assisted the Crumbleys identified himself, through his attorney, as an Oakland County resident who operated a business inside the building. He claimed to not have been aware that the couple was wanted by authorities at the time he allowed them to stay in his workspace. However, he declined to elaborate on the nature of his association with them.[47][88][89] He was questioned by authorities, who said he is being cooperative.[47][90] Police conducted a search on his home in Troy and seized several digital devices.[91]

Pre-trial proceedings

Jennifer and James Crumbley were arraigned on the morning of December 4, where they pleaded not guilty to the charges, and a bail of $500,000 each was set for them.[12][88] Federal prosecutors are investigating whether federal laws were violated when James Crumbley purchased a handgun for his son.[92] The Crumbleys were held at Oakland County Jail, where their son is currently imprisoned. As a result, all three were put in isolation and monitored under suicide watch; they are not allowed to interact for an indefinite amount of time.[47][93]

Against the school district

On December 9, multiple survivors of the shooting filed two $100 million lawsuits against Oxford Community Schools and its employees. At least one lawsuit alleges that school officials failed to stop the shooting and ignored several warning signs, such as threats posted to social media that had been brought to the school's attention.[94] On December 10, a lawyer representing two of the survivors requested a judge to order school officials to restore and preserve social media pages and other evidence that she claimed was willfully destroyed by the district following the shooting; the judge granted the request.[95]

Aftermath

Many students were traumatized and distressed by the shooting, and they were affected by the loss of their classmates or had seen bodies on the ground.[17][18][96] The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services supplied help and support to the students and their families.[97]

Oxford Community Schools closed down its schools for the rest of the week.[98] The district's reopening plan included a "soft opening" that included a law enforcement presence and trained clinicians being on standby for support.[99] Oxford High School will remain closed into January 2022, according to the principal.[100]

Memorials and fundraisers

Three prayer services were held on the night of November 30, attended by hundreds.[101][102] An online petition was started to rename the school's stadium after one of the victims killed in the shooting.[103] A memorial was created outside the school with stuffed animals and flowers left behind.[7][104]

A memorial patch to commemorate the victims and the shooting was created for the Michigan Wolverines football team that was first worn on December 4, during the Big Ten Championship Game.[105] The Detroit Lions and Minnesota Vikings also created T-shirts and hats and wore a helmet patch to commemorate the victims for their Week 13 game on December 5, while player Jalen Elliott wore an altered version of his No. 42 jersey, which bore the name of one of the victims.[106][107] A candlelight vigil was held at Michigan State University on December 7 to honor the victims of the shooting.[108]

A GoFundMe was created by a family member of one victim to help pay for funeral costs.[109] Additional fundraisers for the victims and their families were seen on online crowdfunding pages, by local businesses, and by selling items such as T-shirts, to help cover medical, funeral, and other costs.[110] Others utilized the phrase OxfordStrong to sell fundraising items or as a hashtag on social media. The phrase was also used to identify a drop box location set-up by the township for cards and letters of support.[111][112] The family of one of the deceased victims created another hashtag with the victim's name to identify acts of kindness and support, as a way to honor their family member.[113]

Copycat threats and arrests

Copycat threats against numerous Metro Detroit schools were made the following day on December 1, leading many other area districts to cancel classes for at least one day;[98] according to Sheriff Bouchard, at least 60 schools were affected by the closures.[114] By December 3, at least 519 schools in 70 different districts in Michigan and six other states had closed their schools down in the wake of additional threats.[115] Bouchard also vowed to investigate, and Oakland County Prosecutor McDonald said they will press criminal charges against anyone who threatens violence at schools in the county.[114][116]

At least one student, a 16-year-old from Armada, was arrested in connection to such threats, and officers found that the student wanted a day off from school and was not a credible threat.[117] A student at Southfield Regional Academic Campus, located about 30 miles (48 km) from Oxford High School, was arrested the day after the shooting for bringing a loaded gun onto the campus, after another student reported him to officials. School officials believe that the student had been bringing the gun to campus for several weeks and claimed the student was not a threat.[118] Another student was arrested at La Follette High School in Madison, Wisconsin, for being on school property with a stolen, loaded firearm. That same day, a note referencing the shooting was found at Memorial High School.[119] A teacher in Hopkins High School in Hopkins was suspended after they told multiple students that Crumbley should have created a diversion in order to "kill the people that he would need to", while discussing the incident with students; this had started rumors that an employee was threatening to attack the school.[120]

Responses

President Joe Biden and U.S. Representative Elissa Slotkin, whose district includes Oxford High School, expressed their condolences over the shooting.[121][122] Governor Gretchen Whitmer said in a statement that she was devastated for the students, staff, and families of the school, calling gun violence a "public health crisis".[123] Whitmer also ordered all flags in Michigan to fly at half-staff.[124] Democratic politicians in the Michigan Legislature vowed to pursue new gun control legislation and revive stalled bills relating to gun control.[125]

Families of victims in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting expressed their solidarity with the families of the Oxford shooting.[126] Survivors and families of victims in the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting expressed outrage over the Oxford shooting and expressed their desire to continue fighting for change.[127][128]

All four professional Detroit teams (Lions, Pistons, Tigers, and Red Wings) expressed their condolences to the community.[106][129][130]

Notes

  1. ^ This number includes the 17-year-old who died on December 1.
  2. ^ A probable cause conference, which is "akin to an informal pretrial conference between the prosecution and defense", is required in all felony cases by Michigan law (Mich. Comp. Laws § 766.4) and Michigan Court Rule 6.108.[67]

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