Miss Universe

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"MUO" redirects here. For other uses, see MUO (disambiguation).

For the most recent edition, see Miss Universe 2021. For the upcoming edition, see Miss Universe 2022.

Miss Universe
Miss Universe logo.svg
FormationJune 28, 1952; 69 years ago (1952-06-28)
TypeBeauty pageant
HeadquartersNew York City, New York
Location
Official language
English
Key people
Paula Shugart (since 1997)
(President)
Parent organization
IMG (Endeavor)
AffiliationsWilliam Morris Endeavor
Budget
US$100 million (annually)
WebsiteMissUniverse.com

Miss Universe is an annual international beauty pageant that is run by the United States–based Miss Universe Organization.[1] It is one of the most watched pageants in the world with an estimated audience of over 500 million viewers in over 190 territories.[2][3] Along with Miss World, Miss International, and Miss Earth, Miss Universe is one of the Big Four international beauty pageants.[4]

The Miss Universe Organization and its brand are currently owned by Endeavor.[5] Telemundo has the licensing rights to air the pageant for the next 5 years.[6] The pageant's advocacy is "humanitarian issues and is a voice to affect positive change in the world."[7][8]

The current Miss Universe is Harnaaz Sandhu of India who was crowned by Andrea Meza of Mexico on December 13, 2021 in Eilat, Israel.[9]

History

Miss Universe sash since 2001

The title "Miss Universe" was first used by the International Pageant of Pulchritude in 1926. This contest was held annually until 1935, when the Great Depression and other events preceding World War II led to its demise.

The current Miss Universe pageant was founded in 1952 by Pacific Knitting Mills, a California-based clothing company and manufacturer of Catalina Swimwear. The company was the sponsor of the Miss America pageant until 1951, when the winner, Yolande Betbeze, refused to pose for publicity pictures wearing one of their swimsuits. In 1952, Pacific Knitting Mills organized the Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants, co-sponsoring them for decades to follow.

The first Miss Universe Pageant was held in Long Beach, California in 1952. It was won by Armi Kuusela from Finland, who gave up her title, though not officially, to get married, shortly before her year was completed.[10] Until 1958, the Miss Universe title, like that of Miss America, was dated by the year following the contest, so at the time Ms. Kuusela's title was Miss Universe 1953. Since its founding by Pacific Mills, the pageant has been organized and conducted by the Miss Universe Organization. Eventually, Pacific Mills and its subsidiaries were acquired by the Kayser-Roth Corporation, which was in turn acquired by Gulf and Western Industries.

The pageant was first televised in 1955. CBS began broadcasting the combined Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants in 1960, and as separate contests in 1965. More than 30 years later, Donald Trump bought the pageant in 1996 from ITT Corp, with a broadcasting arrangement with CBS until 2002.[11] During this time, in 1998, Miss Universe, Inc. changed its name to the Miss Universe Organization, and moved its headquarters from Los Angeles to New York City.[12][13] By late 2002, Trump entered into a joint venture with NBC,[1][14] which in 2003 outbid the other markets for the TV rights.[15] From 2003 to 2014, the pageant was broadcast in the United States on NBC.

In June 2015, NBC cancelled all business relationships with Trump and the Miss Universe Organization in response to controversial statements about illegal immigrants who crossed the border from Mexico.[16][17] As part of the legal settlement, in September 2015, Trump bought out NBC's 50% stake in the company, making him the company's sole owner. Three days later, he sold the whole company to WME/IMG.[18][19] Following the change of ownership, in October 2015, Fox and Azteca became the official broadcasters of the Miss Universe and Miss USA pageants.[20] The current president of the Miss Universe Organization is Paula Shugart, who has held this position since 1997.[21]

During the CBS telecast era, John Charles Daly hosted the Miss Universe Pageant from 1955 to 1966, Bob Barker from 1967 to 1987, Alan Thicke in 1988, John Forsythe in 1989, Dick Clark from 1990 to 1993, Bob Goen from 1994 to 1996, and Jack Wagner in 1998 and 1999. During the NBC telecast era, Billy Bush hosted the Miss Universe Pageant from 2003 to 2005 and 2009, Andy Cohen in 2011 and 2012, and Thomas Roberts in 2013 and 2014. Daisy Fuentes, Nancy O'Dell, Mel B and Natalie Morales are currently the only females to have hosted the event multiple times (from 2002 to 2004, 2005 and 2006, 2008 and 2013, and from 2010 to 2011 and 2014, respectively).

Since 2015, Miss Universe is televised live by Fox and hosted annually by Steve Harvey. The backstage correspondents include Roselyn Sanchez in 2015, Ashley Graham from 2016 to 2018, Olivia Culpo in 2019. In 2020, the Miss USA and Miss Teen USA brands were split from the Miss Universe Organization into their independent organization, run by Crystle Stewart, while the broadcast rights to the Miss Universe Pageant was temporarily split between Telemundo and FYI. Mario Lopez returned as host in 2020 (alongside Culpo) after hosting for NBC in 2007.

Contestant selection

Main article: List of Miss Universe countries

To gain participation in Miss Universe, a country needs a local company or person to buy the local rights of the competition through a franchise fee. The fee includes the rights of image, brand and everything related to the pageant. Often the owner of the franchise returns the franchise to the Miss Universe Organization, which resells it to a new stakeholder. The reselling of the franchise from one owner to the next is recurrently common in the history of the event, sometimes for contractual breaches or financial reasons. The number of participants is inconsistent because of the franchising of the pageant paired with problems related to the calendar.

Usually a country's candidate selection involves pageants in the nation's local subdivisions, where local winners compete in a national pageant, but there are some countries who opt for an internal selection. For example, from 2000 to 2004, Australian delegates were chosen by a modeling agency. Although such "castings" are generally discouraged by the Miss Universe Organization, Jennifer Hawkins was chosen to represent the country in Miss Universe in 2004 (where she would eventually win the crown). When Australia resumed its national pageant in the following year, Michelle Guy became Miss Universe Australia 2005.

Recent countries that became involved in the pageant since the 2020s decade includes Cameroon (2020) and Bahrain (2021). Nepal is the latest newcomer to place in the semifinals in Miss Universe after debuting in 2017 and completing its first ever semifinal placement in the Top 10 in 2018. The Bahamas is the most recent country to obtain its first ever semifinal placement at Miss Universe in 2021. Meanwhile, Botswana remains the most recent first-time entry to ever win Miss Universe on its debut year (in Mpule Kwelagobe in 1999), and Angola is the most recent country to obtain its first ever national win in Miss Universe (in Leila Lopes in 2011).

Cultural barriers in the swimsuit competition have prevented some countries from participating, while others like Mozambique have not participated because of the prohibitive cost of the event. The Miss Universe has historically proven popular in regions like the Americas, Africa and Asia, especially in countries like U.S.A., Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, South Africa, Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand, all of which have appeared in the semifinals multiple times in the last decade. As of 2021, only two countries have been present at every Miss Universe since its inception in 1952: Canada and France.

Since its inception, Miss Universe has strictly prohibited age fabrication. Contestants have also been forbidden to be pregnant during the competition, and, in the case of winners, during their reign. Contestants are required to be at least 18 years old. This presents a problem for several European countries, which allow 17-year-old contestants to compete in their pageants. National titleholders under 18 years of age must be replaced by their runner-up or another candidate in the main pageant. In recent years, all Miss Universe candidates have been required to be at least university degree holders or working professionals from the onset of their national pageant.

Beginning in 2012, openly transgender women were allowed to compete, as long as they won their national pageants.[22] Six years after this rule went into effect, Angela Ponce of Spain became the first openly transgender candidate to compete in the contest, in the 2018[23] edition. In 2019, Myanmar's Swe Zin Htet became the first openly lesbian woman to compete in Miss Universe. Spain's Patricia Yurena Rodríguez is currently the highest-placed LGBT member at Miss Universe, placing second to Venezuela's Gabriela Isler in 2013, but did not come out until years after the competition.[24][25][26][27] In 2021, the Philippines' Beatrice Gomez became the first openly bisexual (and LGBT) contestant to enter the Miss Universe semifinals, after finishing in the Top 5 that year.

Main pageant

Throughout the history of Miss Universe, the main contest has varied widely in terms of annual scheduling. In the last decade, the Miss Universe competition has been consistently held over a two-week period between early November and late January. Due to television schedule demands (largely as a result of international timezone differences) or exceptional events happening during the organizing process (such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the Olympics, FIFA World Cup and national elections in the hosting country), the event is sometimes postponed to January of next year (as with the 2014 and 2016 editions). The latest edition was Miss Universe 2021 that was held in December 2021. Between the early 1970s through the late 2000s, the pageant spans a full month (typically between March and June), allowing time for rehearsals, appearances, and the preliminary competition, with the winner being crowned by the previous year's titleholder during the final competition.

According to the organizers, the Miss Universe contest is more than a beauty pageant, though they are expected to participate in swimsuit and evening gown competitions. Women aspiring to become Miss Universe must be intelligent, well-mannered, and cultured. If a candidate is unable to perform well during each round, she is often eliminated. Normally, the placements of the candidates are determined by a ranked vote, where each judge ranks each of the candidates individually and within the stipulated rules. From 2017 to 2019, the semifinalists are announced per continental group and wildcard list, and in 2020 returned to randomized block during the live telecast. All the results of the preliminaries are reset at the start of the final night and a new competition starts with the highest placed positions at the semifinals. In each round of the grand final, the group of candidates with the lowest rates are progressive eliminated. However, this criterion can change each year with the use of weighted averages or with points accumulated by stages, or the assessment in ascending or descending order. Since 2019, the ties in the final rounds are broken using the final speech round scores, and may include the decisive preliminary scores if necessary.

The winner then signs a contract with the Miss Universe Organization that can last from seven to eighteen months (the period of its duration is variable, as it follows the demands of the Miss Universe Organization). The new Miss Universe takes office immediately and takes on a public cause in which she becomes the ambassador for a year to spread messages about the control of diseases, peace, and public awareness of AIDS (though the organization's more recent humanitarian works have included various causes such as women's and ethnic minority rights, along with contemporary racial issues, public health issues and the consequences of global warming). Aside from the job, the winner also receives a cash allowance for her entire reign, a New York Film Academy scholarship, a modeling portfolio, beauty products, clothes, shoes, as well as styling, healthcare, and fitness services by different sponsors of the pageant. She also gains exclusive access to events such as fashion shows and opening galas, as well as access to casting calls and modeling opportunities throughout New York City. Between 1996 and 2015, the winner is given the use of a Trump Place apartment in New York City during her reign, which she shares with the Miss USA and Miss Teen USA titleholders.[28]

If the winner, for any reason, cannot fulfill her duties as Miss Universe, the 1st runner-up takes over. This protocol has happened only once as of 2021, when Panama's Justine Pasek succeeded Russia's Oxana Fedorova as Miss Universe in 2002 after the latter's dethronement later that same year. Aside from the main winner and her runners-up, special awards are also given to the winners of the Best National Costume, Miss Photogenic, and Miss Congeniality. The Miss Congeniality award is chosen by the delegates themselves. In recent years, Miss Photogenic has been chosen by popular internet vote (the winner used to be chosen by media personnel covering the event), and the winning country for Best National Costume is announced live after the naming of the semifinalists during the coronation night.

Final judgment

All the contestants compete in a preliminary round of judging (called the "Preliminary Competition") where the field is narrowed to a select number of semifinalists (16 in 2021). This number has fluctuated over the years, between 10 to 21. The first Miss Universe pageant had ten semifinalists. For the next two years, the number of semifinalists grew to 16. In 1955, the number dropped to a stable 15, which remained through 1970. In 1971, the number was reduced to 12. That number was further reduced to 10 in 1984. This lasted until 2003, when the contest reinstated the Top 15. This selection continued to be the norm until 2015, except in 2006 and 2011 to 2013. In 2006, 2018 and 2019, there are 20 semifinalists (with 2018 currently featuring 94 contestants overall, the highest turnout of countries competing in a single Miss Universe edition). The group was expanded to 21 semifinalists in 2020, the highest number of spots in the first cut so far in the pageant's history.

Between 2011 to 2013, there were 16 semifinalists, 15 chosen by judges and 1 chosen through Internet votes. In the 2016 this number was reduced to 13 semifinalists – 12 chosen by judges during the preliminary night and 1 chosen through Internet votes. Starting in 2017, 16 semifinalists were selected from 4 different groups each hailing from 3 different regions in the world – a combined group from Africa and Asia-Pacific, Europe, the Americas, and a wild card group (which was composed of the highest-placed candidates who did not qualify in their respective continental groups). In 2018 and 2019, this number rose from 4 to 5 for each group, totaling 20 semifinalists. Due to the low number of candidates and the impossibility of using this format at the 2020 edition, the continental preliminary round was removed and the round robin format, used between 1952 to 2016, was modified to include the 20 highest-scoring contestants in the preliminaries and 1 chosen through Internet votes, totaling 21 semifinalists during the coronation night. In 2021, the format from 2011 to 2013 of 16 semifinalists returned but was modified to have only 3 finalists during the final round of the live coronation night.

In the early years, the contestants were judged in the swimsuit and evening gown rounds only. The contestants are also judged based on a variety of issues that vary from posture at official events to the interviews to your presence on social networks. The summit of the contest is the grand televised final that is held each year in a different host city (and country), in which the semifinalists are known and progressively advance to the final stage of the questions. In this last stage, among the remaining finalists (varying from 3 to 5), the runners-up are named and the winner is crowned as the new Miss Universe. Prior to the coronation night, the contestants also compete in a preliminary interview round in a one-on-one meeting with each individual judge (mostly closed-door sessions). The live interviews round for the semifinalists became a separate segment in 2001, and was reinstated to introduce the semifinalists since 2016.

The 2018 edition marked the first time that the Miss Universe pageant included the live opening statements after the semifinalists have been announced, to be included in the overall results in determining the winner of the competition. The 2019 edition marked the first time in Miss Universe pageant's history that the remaining finalists are required to deliver their live closing statements, to be included in the overall results, right before the announcement of the winner of the competition.

Crowns of Miss Universe

The crown of Miss Universe has changed nine times over the course of its 70-year history.[29]

  • Romanov Imperial Nuptial Crown (1952) as the first crown, was previously owned by the now-defunct Russian monarchy. It was used by Armi Kuusela in 1952.[29]
  • Romanov Diadem Crown or Metal Bronze Crown (1953) — When Christiane Martel of France became Miss Universe 1953, the nuptial crown was replaced by a metallic bronze crown. She was the only Miss Universe titleholder to wear this crown.[29]
  • Star of the Universe (1954–1960) — This crown was used from 1954 to 1960. It was named as such due to the star shape at the top of the crown. It is made up of approximately 1,000 Oriental cultured and black pearls set in solid gold and platinum and only weighed 1.25 pounds. It was insured for US$500,000.[29]
  • Lady Rhinestone Crown or Coventry Crown (1961–2001) — This crown was purely made from rhinestones, debuting in 1961 as part of the 10th anniversary of the Miss Universe pageant. Only Marlene Schmidt from Germany and Norma Nolan from Argentina wore this crown.[29] In 1963, renowned jeweler Sarah Coventry reinvented the rhinestone crown which featured a female figure (holding a scepter) as its main centerpiece. The cheaper cost of its rhinestone design made it possible to create exact replicas of the crown to be given to outgoing titleholders. The design was slightly modified in 1973 for the wearer's convenience, and was dubbed as The Lady Crown. This was used until 2002, when Denise Quinones became its last crown holder before relinquishing her role as Miss Universe, and the Mikimoto Pearl company accepted the offer to sponsor a commemorative crown for the Miss Universe Organization during the same year's 50th overall edition for the pageant.[29]
  • Mikimoto Crown (2002–2007; 2017–2018) — used from 2002 to 2007 for the 50th commemorative anniversary of the Miss Universe organization, this crown was designed by Tomohiro Yamaji for the Mikimoto Company, the official jewel sponsor of the Miss Universe Organization. The crown depicted the phoenix rising, signifying status, power and beauty, as stipulated in their sponsorship deal. The crown has 500 natural colorless diamonds of almost 30 carats (6.0 g), 120 South Sea and Akoya pearls, ranging in size from 3 to 18 mm diameter and is valued at US$250,000.[29] The crown was designed for the pageant on Mikimoto Pearl Island in Japan with the Mikimoto crown and tiara being first used for Miss Universe 2002, which was unveiled by former proprietor Donald Trump.[30] Among pageant connoisseurs, the Mikimoto crown is reputedly the most sought among beauty titleholders, before finally being retired for use after Catriona Gray became the last Miss Universe winner to ever use the crown on her reign until 2019.
  • CAO Crown (2008) — In 2008, Dayana Mendoza of Venezuela was crowned with a tiara designed by a tandem of Rosalina Lydster and Dang Kim Lien of CAO Fine Jewelry. The crown was valued at US$120,000, was made of an 18 karat combination of white and yellow gold and composed of over 1,000 precious stones, including 555 white diamonds (30 carats), 375 cognac diamonds (14 carats), 10 smoky quartz crystals (20 carats) and 19 morganite gemstones (60 carats). The yellow lustre of the gold represents the prosperous thriving economy in Vietnam as symbolized by a Vietnamese Crane heron. However, Mendoza declined to use this crown and thus insisted on the Mikimoto crown when she crowned her compatriot, Stefanía Fernández as her successor.
  • Diamond Nexus Crown (2009–2013) — From 2009 to 2013, Diamond Nexus Labs made the Miss Universe crown. The crown is set with 1,371 gemstones, weighing a total of 416.09 carats (83.218 g). It contains 544.31 grams of 14k and 18k white gold as well as platinum.[citation needed] The crown features synthetic rubies to represent Miss Universe's HIV/AIDS education and awareness platform. Diamond Nexus Labs is the first ever eco-friendly Official Jeweler of Miss Universe and was selected as part of NBC Universal's "Green is Universal" initiative.[31][32]
  • DIC Crown (2014–2016) — From 2014 to 2016, Paulina Vega, Pia Wurtzbach, and Iris Mittenaere were decorated with the DIC Crown, estimated to be worth US$300,000 and produced by Czech company Diamonds International Corporation (DIC).[33][34] The whole production process took approximately four months and required the work of ten artisans. The crown is reminiscent of the Manhattan Skyline and is composed of 311 diamonds, 5 pieces of blue topaz, 198 pieces of blue sapphire, 33 pieces of heat—fired crystals, and 220 grams of 18k karat white gold. The grand total weight of the crown is 411 grams. This crown was retired in 2017 due to a copyright infringement and subsequent payment issues between DIC and the Miss Universe Organization.[35]
  • Mouawad Power of Unity Crown (2019–present) — On December 5, 2019, the new jeweler of the Miss Universe Organization, Mouawad Jewelry, revealed the Mouawad Crown that is estimated to be worth US$5 million, making it the world's most expensive beauty pageant crown on record.[36] The crown consists of Golden Canary Diamond that weighs 62.83 carat. According to Pascal Mouawad, the crown symbolizes Ambition, Diversity, Community, and Beauty.[37]

Gallery of Miss Universe crowns

Recent titleholders

For full list and details, see List of Miss Universe titleholders.
Edition Country Titleholder National Title Venue of Competition Number of Entrants
2021  India Harnaaz Sandhu Miss Diva Universe 2021 Eilat, Southern District, Israel 80
2020  Mexico Andrea Meza Mexicana Universal 2020 Hollywood, Florida, United States 74
2019  South Africa Zozibini Tunzi Miss South Africa 2019 Atlanta, Georgia, United States 90
2018  Philippines Catriona Gray Miss Universe Philippines 2018 Muang Thong Thani, Nonthaburi Province, Thailand 94
2017  South Africa Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters Miss South Africa 2017 Las Vegas, Nevada, United States 92

Gallery of winners

Miss Universe Organization

The Miss Universe Organization is the organization that currently owns and runs the Miss Universe pageant. Until 2020, the organization also ran Miss USA and Miss Teen USA, until the licenses were purchased by Crystle Stewart.[38][39]

Based in New York, the organization is owned by WME/IMG. The current president is Paula Shugart. The organization sells television rights to the pageants in other countries.

Miss Universe Organization titleholders

The following is a list of all Miss Universe Organization titleholders from the founding of each pageant until the separation of Miss USA and Miss Teen USA into a separate organization in 2020.

Edition Miss Universe Country Miss USA State Miss Teen USA State
2021 Harnaaz Sandhu India India Miss USA and Miss Teen USA are no longer owned by the Miss Universe Organization
2020 Andrea Meza Mexico Mexico Asya Branch Mississippi Mississippi Kiʻilani Arruda Hawaii Hawaii
2019 Zozibini Tunzi South Africa South Africa Cheslie Kryst North Carolina North Carolina Kaliegh Garris Connecticut Connecticut
2018 Catriona Gray Philippines Philippines Sarah Rose Summers Nebraska Nebraska Hailey Colborn Kansas Kansas
2017 Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters South Africa South Africa Kára McCullough Washington, D.C. District of Columbia Sophia Dominguez-Heithoff Missouri Missouri
2016 Iris Mittenaere France France Deshauna Barber Karlie Hay Texas Texas
2015 Pia Wurtzbach Philippines Philippines Olivia Jordan Oklahoma Oklahoma Katherine Haik Louisiana Louisiana
2014 Paulina Vega Colombia Colombia Nia Sanchez Nevada Nevada K. Lee Graham South Carolina South Carolina
2013 Gabriela Isler Venezuela Venezuela Erin Brady Connecticut Connecticut Cassidy Wolf California California
2012 Olivia Culpo United States United States Nana Meriwether[a] Maryland Maryland Logan West Connecticut Connecticut
2011 Leila Lopes Angola Angola Alyssa Campanella California California Danielle Doty Texas Texas
2010 Ximena Navarrete Mexico Mexico Rima Fakih Michigan Michigan Kamie Crawford Maryland Maryland
2009 Stefanía Fernández Venezuela Venezuela Kristen Dalton North Carolina North Carolina Stormi Henley Tennessee Tennessee
2008 Dayana Mendoza Crystle Stewart Texas Texas Stevi Perry Arkansas Arkansas
2007 Riyo Mori Japan Japan Rachel Smith Tennessee Tennessee Hilary Cruz Colorado Colorado
2006 Zuleyka Rivera Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Tara Conner Kentucky Kentucky Katie Blair Montana Montana
2005 Natalie Glebova Canada Canada Chelsea Cooley North Carolina North Carolina Allie LaForce Ohio Ohio
2004 Jennifer Hawkins Australia Australia Shandi Finnessey Missouri Missouri Shelley Hennig Louisiana Louisiana
2003 Amelia Vega Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Susie Castillo Massachusetts Massachusetts Tami Farrell Oregon Oregon
2002 Oxana Fedorova[b] Russia Russia Shauntay Hinton Washington, D.C. District of Columbia Vanessa Semrow Wisconsin Wisconsin
Justine Pasek[c] Panama Panama
2001 Denise Quiñones Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Kandace Krueger Texas Texas Marissa Whitley Missouri Missouri
2000 Lara Dutta India India Lynnette Cole Tennessee Tennessee Jillian Parry Pennsylvania Pennsylvania
1999 Mpule Kwelagobe Botswana Botswana Kimberly Pressler New York (state) New York Ashley Coleman Delaware Delaware
1998 Wendy Fitzwilliam Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Shawnae Jebbia Massachusetts Massachusetts Vanessa Minnillo South Carolina South Carolina
1997 Brook Lee United States United States Brandi Sherwood[a] Idaho Idaho Shelly Moore Tennessee Tennessee
1996 Alicia Machado Venezuela Venezuela Ali Landry Louisiana Louisiana Christie Lee Woods Texas Texas
1995 Chelsi Smith United States United States Shanna Moakler[a] New York (state) New York Keylee Sue Sanders Kansas Kansas
1994 Sushmita Sen India India Lu Parker South Carolina South Carolina Shauna Gambill California California
1993 Dayanara Torres Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Kenya Moore Michigan Michigan Charlotte Lopez Vermont Vermont
1992 Michelle McLean Namibia Namibia Shannon Marketic California California Jamie Solinger Iowa Iowa
1991 Lupita Jones Mexico Mexico Kelli McCarty Kansas Kansas Janelle Bishop New Hampshire New Hampshire
1990 Mona Grudt Norway Norway Carole Gist Michigan Michigan Bridgette Wilson Oregon Oregon
1989 Angela Visser Netherlands Netherlands Gretchen Polhemus Texas Texas Brandi Sherwood Idaho Idaho
1988 Porntip Nakhirunkanok Thailand Thailand Courtney Gibbs Mindy Duncan Oregon Oregon
1987 Cecilia Bolocco Chile Chile Michelle Royer Kristi Addis Mississippi Mississippi
1986 Bárbara Palacios Venezuela Venezuela Christy Fichtner Allison Brown Oklahoma Oklahoma
1985 Deborah Carthy-Deu Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Laura Martinez-Herring Kelly Hu Hawaii Hawaii
1984 Yvonne Ryding Sweden Sweden Mai Shanley New Mexico New Mexico Cherise Haugen Illinois Illinois
1983 Lorraine Downes New Zealand New Zealand Julie Hayek California California Ruth Zakarian New York (state) New York
1982 Karen Baldwin Canada Canada Terri Utley Arkansas Arkansas ↑ No Pageant Held
(established in 1983)
1981 Irene Sáez Venezuela Venezuela Kim Seelbrede Ohio Ohio
1980 Shawn Weatherly United States United States Jineane Ford[a] Arizona Arizona
1979 Maritza Sayalero Venezuela Venezuela Mary Therese Friel New York (state) New York
1978 Margaret Gardiner South Africa South Africa Judi Andersen Hawaii Hawaii
1977 Janelle Commissiong Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Kimberly Tomes Texas Texas
1976 Rina Messinger Israel Israel Barbara Peterson Minnesota Minnesota
1975 Anne Marie Pohtamo Finland Finland Summer Bartholomew California California
1974 Amparo Muñoz Spain Spain Karen Morrison Illinois Illinois
1973 Margie Moran Philippines Philippines Amanda Jones
1972 Kerry Anne Wells Australia Australia Tanya Wilson Hawaii Hawaii
1971 Georgina Rizk Lebanon Lebanon Michele McDonald Pennsylvania Pennsylvania
1970 Marisol Malaret Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Deborah Shelton Virginia Virginia
1969 Gloria Diaz Philippines Philippines Wendy Dascomb
1968 Martha Vasconcellos Brazil Brazil Dorothy Anstett Washington (state) Washington
1967 Sylvia Hitchcock United States United States Cheryl Patton[a] Florida Florida
1966 Margareta Arvidsson Sweden Sweden Maria Remenyi California California
1965 Apasra Hongsakula Thailand Thailand Sue Downey Ohio Ohio
1964 Corinna Tsopei Greece Greece Bobbi Johnson Washington, D.C. District of Columbia
1963 Iêda Maria Vargas Brazil Brazil Marite Ozers Illinois Illinois
1962 Norma Nolan Argentina Argentina Macel Leilani Wilson Hawaii Hawaii
1961 Marlene Schmidt West Germany Germany Sharon Brown Louisiana Louisiana
1960 Linda Bement United States United States Linda Bement Utah Utah
1959 Akiko Kojima Japan Japan Terry Huntingdon California California
1958 Luz Marina Zuluaga Colombia Colombia Arlene Howell Louisiana Louisiana
1957 Gladys Zender Peru Peru Charlotte Sheffield[d] Utah Utah
Mary Leona Gage[e] Maryland Maryland
1956 Carol Morris United States United States Carol Morris Iowa Iowa
1955 Hillevi Rombin Sweden Sweden Carlene Johnson Vermont Vermont
1954 Miriam Stevenson United States United States Miriam Stevenson South Carolina South Carolina
1953 Christiane Martel France France Myrna Hansen Illinois Illinois
1952 Armi Kuusela Finland Finland Jackie Loughery New York (state) New York
Notes
  1. ^ a b c d e Inherited the Miss USA title after the original titleholder became Miss Universe
  2. ^ In 2002, Fedorova was dethroned by the Miss Universe Organization.
  3. ^ Inherited the Miss Universe title after Fedorova was dethroned.
  4. ^ Inherited the Miss USA title after Gage was stripped of the crown
  5. ^ In 1957, Gage was stripped of her Miss USA title when it was revealed that she was married and the mother of two children.

Gallery

In other media

Electronic Arts was reportedly developing a video game based on the pageant, but development status is currently uncertain due to the closure of EA Black Box, the studio allegedly developing the game.[40]

See also

References

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  2. ^ Chandram, Rina. "Transgender, indigenous contestants in historic Miss Universe pageant". Reuters. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  3. ^ "WME/IMG Acquires The Miss Universe Organization". Archived from the original on December 20, 2015.
  4. ^ Enriquez, Amee (February 2, 2014). "Beauty Pageant Basics". BBC News. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
  5. ^ Bundel, Ani (December 16, 2018). "Miss Universe is the only major beauty pageant worth watching. Here's why". NBC News. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  6. ^ "Miss Universe Returns To Telemundo After 5-Year Absence". forbes.com. November 3, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  7. ^ "About Miss Universe". Miss Universe Website. April 20, 2020. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  8. ^ Scott, H. Allan (December 16, 2018). "Catriona Gray of Philippines Crowned". Newsweek. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  9. ^ "India's Harnaaz Sandhu crowned Miss Universe 2021". Connected to India.
  10. ^ FUNFARE by Ricky Lo (June 28, 2006). "A misty-eyed look at Armi Kuusela, the 1st Miss Universe". philstar.com. The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
  11. ^ Prestigious Beauty Pageant (November 18, 2013). "Four Big Ships Dominate International Beauty Pageants". Prestigious Beauty Pageants. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
  12. ^ "Miss USA Olivia Culpo is Miss Universe 2012!". India Today. December 19, 2012. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  13. ^ Foreman, Jonathan (January 18, 1999). "Mistress of the Universe". New York Post. Archived from the original on March 25, 2013. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
  14. ^ Littleton, Cynthia (September 14, 2015). "WME/IMG Acquires Miss Universe Organization From Donald Trump".
  15. ^ Rutenberg, Jim (June 22, 2002). "Three Beauty Pageants Leaving CBS for NBC". The New York Times. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
  16. ^ Stanhope, Kate (June 29, 2015). "NBC Cuts Ties With Donald Trump Over "Derogatory Statements," Pulls Miss USA and Miss Universe Pageants". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  17. ^ "NBCUniversal cuts ties with Donald Trump". CNN Money. June 29, 2015. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  18. ^ "Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency". The New York Times. September 15, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
  19. ^ Nededog, Jethro (September 14, 2015). "Donald Trump sells the Miss Universe Organization". Business Insider. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  20. ^ "Miss Universe and Miss USA Pageants to Air on Fox". TV Insider. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  21. ^ "PAULA M. SHUGART". Miss Universe. Miss Universe Organization. Archived from the original on July 3, 2015. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  22. ^ Dillon, Nancy (April 10, 2012). "Transgender contestants can compete in Miss Universe". Daily News. New York..
  23. ^ "ÁNGELA PONCE: LA TRANSEXUAL MÁS HERMOSA DE ESPAÑA QUE CAMBIARÁ PARA SIEMPRE MISS UNIVERSO". be Miss Universe Spain (in Spanish). July 9, 2018.
  24. ^ "Hoa hậu Myanmar thừa nhận đồng tính ngay khi thi Miss Universe 2019: Đầy bản lĩnh và đáng nể phục!" (in Vietnamese). November 30, 2019.
  25. ^ Non-loginwalled link at bibliogram.pussthecat.org: "#MissUniverseMyanmar2019 #RoadToMissUniverse2019". Swe Zin Htet. November 29, 2019.
  26. ^ "Miss Universe Myanmar 2019 Comes Out Of The Closet — Reveals She's a Proud Lesbian!". Missosology. November 29, 2019.
  27. ^ Herbst, Diane (December 6, 2019). "Miss Universe's First Openly Gay Contestant Came Out Days Ago: 'I Just Started a New Chapter'". People.
  28. ^ Lee, Felicia R. (October 10, 2007). "Three Crowns Sharing One Apartment". The New York Times. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g "IN PHOTOS: Miss Universe crowns through the years". Rappler. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  30. ^ "Mikimoto History Timeline". mikimotoamerica.com. Archived from the original on August 1, 2014.
  31. ^ "Connection to MISS UNIVERSE®". diamondnexus.com.
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Presented content of the Wikipedia article was extracted in 2021-12-23 based on https://en.wikipedia.org/?curid=150340