List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom

painting of Robert Walpole
photograph of Winston Churchill
photograph of Margaret Thatcher
photograph of Rishi Sunak

The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the principal minister of the crown of the Government of the United Kingdom ("His Majesty's Government"), and the head of the British Cabinet. There is no specific date for when the office of prime minister first appeared, as the role was not created but rather evolved over a period of time through a merger of duties.[2] The term was regularly, if informally, used of Robert Walpole by the 1730s.[3] It was used in the House of Commons as early as 1805,[4] and it was certainly in parliamentary use by the 1880s.[5] In 1905, the post of prime minister was officially given recognition in the order of precedence.[6] Modern historians generally consider Robert Walpole, who led the government of Kingdom of Great Britain for over twenty years from 1721,[7] as the first prime minister. Walpole is also the longest-serving British prime minister by this definition.[8] However, Henry Campbell-Bannerman was the first and Margaret Thatcher the longest-serving prime minister officially referred to as such in the order of precedence.[9] The first to use the title in an official act was Benjamin Disraeli, who, in 1878, signed the Treaty of Berlin as "Prime Minister of Her Britannic Majesty".[10]

Strictly speaking, the first prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was William Pitt the Younger.[11] The first prime minister of the current United Kingdom (formally the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"), was Bonar Law,[12] although the country was not renamed officially until 1927, when Stanley Baldwin was the serving prime minister.[13]

Due to the gradual evolution of the post of prime minister, the title is applied to early prime ministers only retrospectively;[14] this has sometimes given rise to academic dispute. William Pulteney, Lord Bath and James Waldegrave, Lord Waldegrave are sometimes listed as prime ministers.[15] Bath was invited to form a ministry by George II when Henry Pelham resigned in 1746,[16] as was Waldegrave in 1757 after the dismissal of William Pitt the Elder,[17] who dominated the affairs of government during the Seven Years' War. Neither was able to command sufficient parliamentary support to form a government; Bath stepped down after two days[15] and Waldegrave after four.[17] Modern academic consensus does not consider either man to have held office as prime minister;[18] they are therefore listed separately.

Before the Kingdom of Great Britain

Before the Union of England and Scotland in 1707, the Treasury of England was led by the Lord High Treasurer.[19] By the late Tudor period, the Lord High Treasurer was regarded as one of the Great Officers of State,[19] and was often (though not always) the dominant figure in government: Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (Lord High Treasurer, 1547–1549),[20] served as Lord Protector to his prepubescent nephew Edward VI;[20] William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (Lord High Treasurer, 1572–1598),[21] was the dominant minister to Elizabeth I;[21] Burghley's son Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, succeeded his father as chief minister to Elizabeth I (1598–1603) and was eventually appointed by James I as Lord High Treasurer (1608–1612).[22]

By the late Stuart period, the Treasury was often run not by a single individual (i.e., the Lord High Treasurer) but by a commission of Lords of the Treasury,[23] led by the First Lord of the Treasury. The last Lords High Treasurer, Sidney Godolphin, Lord Godolphin (1702–1710) and Robert Harley, Lord Oxford (1711–1714),[24] ran the government of Queen Anne.[25]

From 1707 to 1721

Following the succession of George I in 1714, the arrangement of a commission of Lords of the Treasury (as opposed to a single Lord High Treasurer) became permanent.[26] For the next three years, the government was headed by Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend, who was appointed Secretary of State for the Northern Department.[27] Subsequently, James Stanhope, Lord Stanhope and Charles Spencer, Lord Sunderland ran the government jointly,[28] with Stanhope managing foreign affairs and Sunderland domestic.[28] Stanhope died in February 1721 and Sunderland resigned two months later;[28] Townshend and Robert Walpole were then invited to form the next government.[29] From that point, the holder of the office of First Lord also usually (albeit unofficially) held the status of prime minister. It was not until the Edwardian era that the title prime minister was constitutionally recognised.[14] The prime minister still holds the office of First Lord by constitutional convention,[30] the only exceptions being William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham (1766–1768) and Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902).[31]

Since 1721

Jump to: Contents by century
18th century 19th century 20th century 21st century
  Whig  (16)   Tory  (10)   Conservative  (20)   Liberal  (7)   Labour  (6)   National Labour  (1)   Peelite  (1) Monarch
(Reign)
Ref.
Portrait Prime Minister
Office
(Lifespan)
Term of office & mandate[a]
Duration in years and days
Ministerial offices held as prime minister Party Government
painting Robert Walpole
MP for King's Lynn
(1676–1745)
3 April
1721
11 February
1742
1722 Whig Walpole–Townshend George I
GeorgeIKneller1714.jpg
r. 1714–1727
[32]
1727 George II

r. 1727–1760
1734 Walpole
1741
20 years and 315 days
painting Spencer Compton
1st Earl of Wilmington
(1673–1743)
16 February
1742
2 July
1743
Carteret [33]
1 year and 137 days[b]
painting Henry Pelham
MP for Sussex
(1694–1754)
27 August
1743
6 March
1754
[34]
Broad Bottom I
1747 Broad Bottom II
10 years and 192 days[b]
painting Thomas Pelham-Holles
1st Duke of Newcastle
(1693–1768)
16 March
1754
11 November
1756
1754 Newcastle I [35]
2 years and 241 days
painting William Cavendish
4th Duke of Devonshire
(1720–1764)
16 November
1756
29 June
1757
Pitt–Devonshire [36]
1757 Caretaker
226 days
painting Thomas Pelham-Holles
1st Duke of Newcastle
(1693–1768)
29 June
1757
26 May
1762
1761 Pitt–Newcastle [37]
Bute–Newcastle
(ToryWhig)
George III

r. 1760–1820
4 years and 332 days
painting John Stuart
3rd Earl of Bute
(1713–1792)
26 May
1762
8 April
1763
Tory Bute [38]
318 days
painting George Grenville
MP for Buckingham
(1712–1770)
16 April
1763
10 July
1765
Whig
(Grenvillite)
Grenville
(mainly Whig)
[39]
2 years and 86 days
painting Charles Watson-Wentworth
2nd Marquess of Rockingham
(1730–1782)
13 July
1765
30 July
1766
Whig
(Rockinghamite)
Rockingham I [40]
1 year and 18 days
painting William Pitt the Elder
1st Earl of Chatham[c]
(1708–1778)
30 July
1766
14 October
1768
1768 Whig
(Chathamite)
Chatham [41]
2 years and 77 days
painting Augustus FitzRoy
3rd Duke of Grafton
(1735–1811)
14 October
1768
28 January
1770
Grafton [42]
1 year and 107 days
painting Frederick North
Lord North
MP for Banbury
(1732–1792)
28 January
1770
27 March
1782
1774 Tory
(Northite)
North [43]
1780
12 years and 59 days
painting Charles Watson-Wentworth
2nd Marquess of Rockingham
(1730–1782)
27 March
1782
1 July
1782
Whig
(Rockinghamite)
Rockingham II [40]
97 days[b]
painting William Petty
2nd Earl of Shelburne
(1737–1805)
4 July
1782
26 March
1783
Whig
(Chathamite)
Shelburne [44]
266 days
painting William Cavendish-Bentinck
3rd Duke of Portland
(1738–1809)
2 April
1783
18 December
1783
Whig Fox–North [45]
261 days
painting William Pitt the Younger
MP for Appleby,
later Cambridge University[d]
(1759–1806)
19 December
1783
14 March
1801
1784 Tory
(Pittite)
Pitt I [46]
1790
1796
17 years and 86 days
painting Henry Addington
MP for Devizes
(1757–1844)
17 March
1801
10 May
1804
1801 Tory
(Addingtonian)
Addington [47]
1802
3 years and 55 days
painting William Pitt the Younger
MP for Cambridge University
(1759–1806)
10 May
1804
23 January
1806
Tory
(Pittite)
Pitt II [48]
1 year and 259 days[b]
painting William Grenville
1st Baron Grenville
(1759–1834)
11 February
1806
25 March
1807
1806 Whig All the Talents
(WhigTory)
[49]
1 year and 43 days
painting William Cavendish-Bentinck
3rd Duke of Portland
(1738–1809)
31 March
1807
4 October
1809
1807 Tory
(Pittite)
Portland II [50]
2 years and 188 days
painting Spencer Perceval
MP for Northampton
(1762–1812)
4 October
1809
11 May
1812
Perceval [51]
2 years and 221 days[b]
painting Robert Jenkinson
2nd Earl of Liverpool
(1770–1828)
8 June
1812
9 April
1827
1812 Liverpool [52]
1818 George IV

r. 1820–1830
1820
1826
14 years and 306 days
painting George Canning
MP for Seaford
(1770–1827)
12 April
1827
8 August
1827
Tory
(Canningite)
Canning
(CanningiteWhig)
[53]
119 days[b]
painting F. J. Robinson
1st Viscount Goderich
(1782–1859)
31 August
1827
8 January
1828
Tory
(Canningite)
Goderich [54]
131 days
painting Arthur Wellesley
1st Duke of Wellington
(1769–1852)
22 January
1828
16 November
1830
(1830) Tory Wellington–Peel [55]
2 years and 299 days William IV

r. 1830–1837
painting Charles Grey
2nd Earl Grey
(1764–1845)
22 November
1830
9 July
1834
1831 Whig Grey [56]
1832
3 years and 230 days
painting William Lamb
2nd Viscount Melbourne
(1779–1848)
16 July
1834
14 November
1834
Melbourne I [57]
122 days
photograph Arthur Wellesley
1st Duke of Wellington
(1769–1852)
17 November
1834
9 December
1834
(—) Tory Wellington Caretaker [58]
23 days
painting Robert Peel
MP for Tamworth
(1788–1850)
10 December
1834
8 April
1835
(—) Conservative Peel I [59]
120 days
painting William Lamb
2nd Viscount Melbourne
(1779–1848)
18 April
1835
30 August
1841
1835 Whig Melbourne II [60]
1837 Victoria


r. 1837–1901

6 years and 135 days
painting Robert Peel
MP for Tamworth
(1788–1850)
30 August
1841
29 June
1846
1841 Conservative Peel II [59]
4 years and 304 days
photograph Lord John Russell
MP for City of London
(1792–1878)
30 June
1846
21 February
1852
(1847) Whig Russell I [61]
5 years and 237 days
engraving Edward Smith-Stanley
14th Earl of Derby
(1799–1869)
23 February
1852
17 December
1852
1852 Conservative Who? Who? [62]
299 days
engraving George Hamilton-Gordon
4th Earl of Aberdeen
(1784–1860)
19 December
1852
30 January
1855
(—) Peelite Aberdeen
(PeeliteWhig–et al.)
[63]
2 years and 43 days
photograph Henry John Temple
3rd Viscount Palmerston
MP for Tiverton
(1784–1865)
6 February
1855
19 February
1858
1857 Whig Palmerston I [64]
3 years and 14 days
engraving Edward Smith-Stanley
14th Earl of Derby
(1799–1869)
20 February
1858
11 June
1859
(—) Conservative Derby–Disraeli II [65]
1 year and 112 days
photograph Henry John Temple
3rd Viscount Palmerston
MP for Tiverton
(1784–1865)
12 June
1859
18 October
1865
1859 Liberal Palmerston II [66]
1865
6 years and 129 days[b]
photograph John Russell
1st Earl Russell
(1792–1878)
29 October
1865
26 June
1866
Russell II [61]
241 days
engraving Edward Smith-Stanley
14th Earl of Derby
(1799–1869)
28 June
1866
25 February
1868
(—) Conservative Derby–Disraeli III [67]
1 year and 243 days
photograph Benjamin Disraeli
MP for Buckinghamshire
(1804–1881)
[68]
27 February
1868
1 December
1868
(—)
279 days
photograph William Ewart Gladstone
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898)
Liberal Gladstone I [69]
3 December
1868
17 February
1874
1868
5 years and 77 days
photograph Benjamin Disraeli
MP for Buckinghamshire (to 1876)
Earl of Beaconsfield (from 1876)[e]
(1804–1881)
Conservative Disraeli II [70]
20 February
1874
21 April
1880
1874
6 years and 62 days
photograph William Ewart Gladstone
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898)
Liberal Gladstone II [71]
23 April
1880
9 June
1885
1880
5 years and 48 days
photograph Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
(1830–1903)
23 June
1885
28 January
1886
(—) Conservative Salisbury I [72]
220 days
photograph William Ewart Gladstone
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898)
Liberal Gladstone III [71]
1 February
1886
20 July
1886
(1885)
170 days
photograph Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
(1830–1903)
25 July
1886
11 August
1892
(1886) Conservative Salisbury II [73]
6 years and 18 days
photograph William Ewart Gladstone
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898)
Liberal Gladstone IV [71]
15 August
1892
2 March
1894
(1892)
1 year and 200 days
photograph Archibald Primrose
5th Earl of Rosebery
(1847–1929)
5 March
1894
22 June
1895
(—) Rosebery [74]
1 year and 110 days
photograph Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
(1830–1903)
25 June
1895
11 July
1902
1895 Conservative Salisbury III
(Con.Lib.U.)
[75]
1900 Salisbury IV
(Con.–Lib.U.)
Edward VII

r. 1901–1910
7 years and 17 days
photograph Arthur Balfour
MP for Manchester East
(1848–1930)
12 July
1902
4 December
1905
Balfour
(Con.–Lib.U.)
[76]
3 years and 146 days
photograph Henry Campbell-Bannerman
MP for Stirling Burghs
(1836–1908)
5 December
1905
3 April
1908
1906 Liberal Campbell-Bannerman [77]
2 years and 121 days
photograph H. H. Asquith
MP for East Fife
(1852–1928)
8 April
1908
5 December
1916
Asquith I [78]
(Jan.1910) Asquith II George V

r. 1910–1936
(Dec.1910) Asquith III
(—) Asquith Coalition
(Lib.Con.–et al.)
8 years and 243 days
photograph David Lloyd George
MP for Caernarfon
(1863–1945)
6 December
1916
19 October
1922
(—) Lloyd George War [79]
1918 Lloyd George II
(Lib.Con.)
5 years and 318 days
photograph Bonar Law
MP for Glasgow Central
(1858–1923)
23 October
1922
20 May
1923
1922 Conservative
(Scot.U.)
Law [80]
210 days
photograph Stanley Baldwin
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947)
22 May
1923
22 January
1924
Conservative Baldwin I [81]
246 days
photograph Ramsay MacDonald
MP for Aberavon
(1866–1937)
22 January
1924
4 November
1924
(1923) Labour MacDonald I [82]
288 days
photograph Stanley Baldwin
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947)
4 November
1924
4 June
1929
1924 Conservative Baldwin II [83]
4 years and 213 days
photograph Ramsay MacDonald
MP for Seaham
(1866–1937)
5 June
1929
7 June
1935
(1929) Labour MacDonald II [84]
(—) National Labour National I
(N.Lab.Con.–et al.)
1931 National II
6 years and 3 days
photograph Stanley Baldwin
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947)
7 June
1935
28 May
1937
1935 Conservative National III [85]
Edward VIII

r. 1936
1 year and 356 days George VI

r. 1936–1952
photograph Neville Chamberlain
MP for Birmingham Edgbaston
(1869–1940)
28 May
1937
10 May
1940
National IV [86]
Chamberlain War
2 years and 349 days
photograph Winston Churchill
MP for Epping
(1874–1965)
10 May
1940
26 July
1945
Churchill War [87]
5 years and 78 days Churchill Caretaker
(Con.L.Nat.)
photograph Clement Attlee
MP for Limehouse
(1883–1967)
26 July
1945
26 October
1951
1945 Labour Attlee I [88]
1950 Attlee II
6 years and 93 days
photograph Winston Churchill
MP for Woodford
(1874–1965)
26 October
1951
5 April
1955
1951 Conservative Churchill III [89]
3 years and 162 days Elizabeth II

r. 1952–2022
photograph Anthony Eden
MP for Warwick and Leamington
(1897–1977)
6 April
1955
9 January
1957
1955 Eden [90]
1 year and 279 days
photograph Harold Macmillan
MP for Bromley
(1894–1986)
10 January
1957
18 October
1963
Macmillan I [91]
1959 Macmillan II
6 years and 282 days
photograph Alec Douglas-Home[f]
MP for Kinross and Western Perthshire
(1903–1995)
18 October
1963
16 October
1964
Conservative
(Scot.U.)
Douglas-Home [92]
365 days
photograph Harold Wilson
MP for Huyton
(1916–1995)
16 October
1964
19 June
1970
1964 Labour Wilson I [93]
1966 Wilson II
5 years and 247 days
photograph Edward Heath
MP for Bexley
(1916–2005)
19 June
1970
4 March
1974
1970 Conservative Heath [94]
3 years and 259 days
photograph Harold Wilson
MP for Huyton
(1916–1995)
4 March
1974
5 April
1976
(Feb.1974) Labour Wilson III [93]
Oct.1974 Wilson IV
2 years and 33 days
James Callaghan
MP for Cardiff South East
(1912–2005)
5 April
1976
4 May
1979
Callaghan [95]
3 years and 30 days
photograph Margaret Thatcher
MP for Finchley
(1925–2013)
Conservative Thatcher I [96]
4 May
1979
28 November
1990
1979
1983 Thatcher II
1987 Thatcher III
11 years and 209 days
John Major 1996.jpg John Major
MP for Huntingdon
(born 1943)
Major I [97]
28 November
1990
2 May
1997
1992 Major II
6 years and 156 days
photograph Tony Blair
MP for Sedgefield
(born 1953)
Labour Blair I [98]
2 May
1997
27 June
2007
1997
2001 Blair II
2005 Blair III
10 years and 57 days
photograph Gordon Brown
MP for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath
(born 1951)
Brown [99]
27 June
2007
11 May
2010
2 years and 319 days
photograph David Cameron
MP for Witney
(born 1966)
Conservative Cameron–Clegg
(Con.Lib.Dems.)
[100]
11 May
2010
13 July
2016
(2010)
2015 Cameron II
6 years and 64 days
photograph Theresa May
MP for Maidenhead
(born 1956)
May I [101]
13 July
2016
24 July
2019
(2017) May II
3 years and 12 days
photograph Boris Johnson
MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip
(born 1964)
Johnson I [102]
24 July
2019
6 September
2022
(—)
2019 Johnson II
3 years and 45 days
photograph Liz Truss
MP for South West Norfolk
(born 1975)
Truss [103]
6 September
2022
25 October
2022
Charles III
Charles Prince of Wales.jpg
r. 2022–present
50 days
photograph Rishi Sunak
MP for Richmond (Yorks)
(born 1980)
Sunak [104]
25 October
2022
Incumbent
6 days
Prime Minister
Office
(Lifespan)
Term of office & mandate[a]
Duration in years and days
Ministerial offices held as prime minister Party Government Monarch Ref.

Disputed

  Whig   (2) Monarch
Prime Minister
Office
(Lifespan)
Term of office & mandate[a]
Duration in years and days
Ministerial offices held as prime minister Party Government
painting William Pulteney
1st Earl of Bath
(1684–1764)
10 February
1746
12 February
1746
Whig Short Lived George II


(1727–1760)

3 days
painting James Waldegrave
2nd Earl Waldegrave
(1715–1763)
8 June
1757
12 June
1757
Waldegrave
5 days

Table notes

  1. ^ a b c Legend for cells listed in the Term of office & mandate column:
     1722  a year
    indicates a general election won by the government or that led to the formation of a government (the year links to the election's article);
     (1830)  a parenthesised year
    indicates an election resulting in no single party winning a Commons majority (the year links to the election's article);
     —  a dash
    indicates the formation of a majority government without an election;
     (—)  a parenthesised dash
    indicates the formation of a minority or coalition government during a hung parliament.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Died in office
  3. ^ Pitt, for the first five days of his premiership (30 July – 4 August 1766), served as a Member of Parliament for Bath. He relinquished his Commons seat in order to take the office of Lord Privy Seal, which required his elevation to the House of Lords.
  4. ^ Pitt ran under a different constituency in the 1784 British general election.
  5. ^ Disraeli was elevated to the House of Lords in 1876, two years into his second premiership. Consequently, he relinquished his Commons seat and office as MP for Buckinghamshire.
  6. ^ Douglas Home disclaimed his peerage as the Earl of Home on 23 October 1963. He was elected an MP on 7 November 1963.

Timeline

Rishi SunakLiz TrussBoris JohnsonTheresa MayDavid CameronGordon BrownTony BlairJohn MajorMargaret ThatcherJames CallaghanEdward HeathHarold WilsonAlec Douglas-HomeHarold MacmillanAnthony EdenClement AttleeWinston ChurchillNeville ChamberlainRamsay MacDonaldStanley BaldwinAndrew Bonar LawDavid Lloyd GeorgeHerbert Henry AsquithHenry Campbell-BannermanArthur BalfourArchibald Primrose, 5th Earl of RoseberyRobert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of SalisburyWilliam Ewart GladstoneBenjamin DisraeliHenry John Temple, 3rd Viscount PalmerstonGeorge Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of AberdeenEdward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of DerbyJohn Russell, 1st Earl RussellRobert PeelWilliam Lamb, 2nd Viscount MelbourneCharles Grey, 2nd Earl GreyArthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of WellingtonF. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount GoderichGeorge CanningRobert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of LiverpoolSpencer PercevalWilliam Grenville, 1st Baron GrenvilleHenry Addington, 1st Viscount SidmouthWilliam Pitt the YoungerWilliam Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of PortlandWilliam Petty, 2nd Earl of ShelburneFrederick North, Lord NorthAugustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of GraftonWilliam Pitt, 1st Earl of ChathamCharles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of RockinghamGeorge GrenvilleJohn Stuart, 3rd Earl of ButeWilliam Cavendish, 4th Duke of DevonshireThomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of NewcastleHenry PelhamSpencer Compton, 1st Earl of WilmingtonRobert Walpole

Living former prime ministers

As of 30 October 2022, there are seven living former prime ministers, listed by dates of service:

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ "Rishi Sunak: A quick guide to the UK's new prime minister". BBC News. 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.; "Who is Rishi Sunak? Everything you need to know about Britain's next prime minister". the Guardian. 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  2. ^ Hennessy 2001, pp. 39–40.
  3. ^ Stephen Taylor ODNB.[full citation needed]
  4. ^ Castlereagh 1805.
  5. ^ Eardley-Wilmot 1885; Macfarlane 1885.
  6. ^ Marriott 1923, p. 83.
  7. ^ Clarke 1999, p. 266; Hennessy 2001, pp. 39–40.
  8. ^ BBC News 1998.
  9. ^ Mackay 1987; Marriott 1923, p. 83.
  10. ^ Bogdanor 1997.
  11. ^ Burt 1874, p. 106; Castlereagh 1805.
  12. ^ Law 1922.
  13. ^ Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927.
  14. ^ a b Leonard 2010, p. 1.
  15. ^ a b Carpenter 1992, p. 37.
  16. ^ Leonard 2010, p. 47.
  17. ^ a b Leonard 2010, p. 65.
  18. ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2011.
  19. ^ a b Chisholm 1911f.
  20. ^ a b Pollard 1904.
  21. ^ a b Chisholm 1911a.
  22. ^ Chisholm 1911c.
  23. ^ Chapman 2002.
  24. ^ Fisher Russell Barker 1890; Stephen 1890.
  25. ^ Morrill 2018.
  26. ^ Chapman 2002, p. 15.
  27. ^ McMullen Rigg 1899.
  28. ^ a b c Chisholm 1911d; Chisholm 1911e.
  29. ^ Chisholm 1911b; McMullen Rigg 1899.
  30. ^ UK Government 2013.
  31. ^ Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, p. 413; Locker-Lampson 1907, p. 497.
  32. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 1, 5; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 1–5; Pryde et al. 1996, pp. 45–46.
  33. ^ Cook & Stevenson 1988, p. 41; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 14; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 7–10; Jones & Jones 1986, p. 222.
  34. ^ Cook & Stevenson 1988, pp. 41–42; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 17; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 11–15.
  35. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 28; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 16–21.
  36. ^ Cook & Stevenson 1988, p. 44; Courthope 1838, p. 19; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 34; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 23–26; Schumann & Schweizer 2012, p. 143.
  37. ^ Cook & Stevenson 1980, p. 11; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 28; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 16–21; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 46; Tout 1910, p. 740.
  38. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 36; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 28–31; Jones & Jones 1986, p. 223; Tout 1910, p. 740.
  39. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 42; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 33–35; Tout 1910, p. 740.
  40. ^ a b The British Magazine and Review 1782, p. 79; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 46, 50; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 39–43.
  41. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 54; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 45–50; Kebbel 1864, p. 143; Venning 2005, p. 93.
  42. ^ Courthope 1838, p. 9; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 61; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 52–56; Venning 2005, p. 93; Vincitorio 1968, p. 156.
  43. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 64; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 58–62; Whiteley 1996, p. 24.
  44. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 73; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 64–68; Venning 2005, p. 93.
  45. ^ Cook & Stevenson 1980, p. 11; Courthope 1838, p. 25; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 77; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 69–74; Venning 2005, p. 93.
  46. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 85; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 75–78; Evans 2008, p. 4.
  47. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 94; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 83–85; Styles 1829, p. 266.
  48. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 85; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 75–77; Evans 2008, p. 4.
  49. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 98; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 90–92; Tout 1910, p. 740.
  50. ^ Courthope 1838, p. 25; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 77; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 69–74; Evans 2008, p. 4.
  51. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 101; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 98–101; Evans 2008, p. 4.
  52. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 106; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 104–108; Evans 2008, p. 4; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47.
  53. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 116, 133; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 110–115.
  54. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 120, 133; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 118–120.
  55. ^ Courthope 1838, p. 33; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 123; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 124–130; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47; Shaw 1906, p. 447; Tout 1910, p. 740.
  56. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 128; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 133–139.
  57. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 136; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 141–143.
  58. ^ Courthope 1838, p. 33; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 123; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 124–130; Evans 2001, p. 471; Mahon & Cardwell 1856, p. 17; Shaw 1906, p. 447.
  59. ^ a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 142; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 148–153.
  60. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 136; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 141–145; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47.
  61. ^ a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 151; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 155–160.
  62. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–164.
  63. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 159, 167; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 169–174; Royal Society of Edinburgh 2006, p. 375; Tout 1910, p. 741.
  64. ^ Disraeli 1855; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 174; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 177–184; Royal Society 2007, p. 349.
  65. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–164; Tout 1910, p. 741.
  66. ^ Balfour 1910; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 174; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 177–184; Royal Society 2007, p. 349.
  67. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–167; Tout 1910, p. 741.
  68. ^ Disraeli 1868; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 183; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 187–189; Tout 1910, p. 741.
  69. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 196; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 195–198; Royal Statistical Society 1892, p. 9.
  70. ^ Chamberlain 1884; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 183; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 187–192.
  71. ^ a b c Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 196; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 195–202; Royal Statistical Society 1892, p. 9.
  72. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 213; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Mosley 2003, p. 3505.
  73. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 213; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Locker-Lampson 1907, p. 497; Mosley 2003, p. 3505; Sandys 1910, p. 287.
  74. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 222; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 212–215.
  75. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 213, 221; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Mosley 2003, p. 3505; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47; Sandys 1910, p. 287.
  76. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 231; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 217–221; Mosley 1999, p. 173; Tout 1910, p. 741.
  77. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 239; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 223–227.
  78. ^ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 5; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 244; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 229–235; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.
  79. ^ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 6–9; The Constitutional Yearbook 1919, p. 42; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 252; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 237–243.
  80. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 262; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 246–248; Scully 2018.
  81. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–255; Mosley 1999, p. 172.
  82. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 281; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 262–264.
  83. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–259; Mosley 1999, p. 172.
  84. ^ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 13; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 281; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 262–268.
  85. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–259; Mosley 1999, p. 172; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.
  86. ^ The Annual Register 1941, p. 11; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 289; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 270–274.
  87. ^ The Annual Register 1946, p. 11; Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 17–21, 77; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 295; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 276–282; The London Gazette 1924.
  88. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 305; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 284–289.
  89. ^ BBC On This Day 2005; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 295; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 276–282; The London Gazette 1924; Mosley 1999, p. 1868; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.
  90. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 315; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 291–295.
  91. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 320; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 297–303.
  92. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 329; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 306–310; Scully 2018.
  93. ^ a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 333; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 313–320.
  94. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 343; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 322–328; UK Parliament 2005a.
  95. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 350; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 331–333; UK Parliament 2005b.
  96. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 358; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 340–347; UK Parliament 2013.
  97. ^ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 61; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 384; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 350–352.
  98. ^ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 61, 270; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 392; Seldon 2007, pp. 77, 371, 647; UK Parliament 2017b.
  99. ^ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 61, 86; UK Parliament 2012.
  100. ^ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 61, 65; Lee & Beech 2011; Royal Communications 2016; Wheeler 2016.
  101. ^ BBC News 2017; Stamp 2016; UK Parliament 2017a.
  102. ^ BBC News 2019; Kuenssberg 2019; UK Parliament 2022.
  103. ^ Wingate, Sophie. "Liz Truss to become UK's third female prime minister". independent.co.uk. Independent. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  104. ^ Nevett, Joshua (25 October 2022). "Rishi Sunak warns of difficult decisions ahead in first speech as PM". bbc.com. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022.

Sources

Publications

Online

Further reading

External links

Information

Article List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom in English Wikipedia took following places in local popularity ranking:

Presented content of the Wikipedia article was extracted in 2022-10-30 based on https://en.wikipedia.org/?curid=2152548