Kh-47M2 Kinzhal

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Kh-47M2 Kinzhal
Х-47М2 Кинжал
2018 Moscow Victory Day Parade 66.jpg
A Kh-47M2 Kinzhal ALBM being carried by a Mikoyan MiG-31K interceptor.
TypeAir-launched ballistic missile[1]
Air-to-surface missile
Place of originRussia
Service history
In serviceIn production and in service.
Used byRussian Aerospace Forces
Wars2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine[2]
Production history
DesignerRussian Defence Ministry[3]
ManufacturerSecret
Produced2017–present
Specifications
WarheadNuclear (100–500 kT) or HE fragmentation
Warhead weightup to 500 kg (1,100 lb) [4]
EngineSolid fuel rocket engine
PropellantSolid-propellant rocket[4]
Operational
range
  • More than 2,000 km (1,200 mi) (MiG-31K)[5]
  • 3,000 km (1,900 mi) (Tu-22M3)
Flight ceiling20 km (66,000 ft)[4]
Maximum speed Mach 10 – Mach 12 (12,300–14,700 km/h; 7,610–9,130 mph)[6]
Guidance
system
INS with the possibility of adjustments from GLONASS, remote control and optical homing system[4]
Accuracy1 m (3 ft)[4][dubious – discuss]
Launch
platform

The Kh-47M2 Kinzhal (in russian: Х-47М2 Кинжал, "dagger") is a Russian nuclear-capable hypersonic aero-ballistic air-to-surface missile.[10][11] It has a claimed range of more than 2,000 km (1,200 mi), Mach 12 speed (4.1 km/s), and an ability to perform evasive maneuvers at every stage of its flight. It can carry both conventional and nuclear warheads[12] and can be launched from Tu-22M3 bombers or MiG-31K interceptors. It has been deployed at airbases in Russia's Southern Military District and Western Military District.[13][14]

The Kinzhal entered service in December 2017 and is one of the six new Russian strategic weapons unveiled by Russian President Vladimir Putin on 1 March 2018.

Design

The missile is designed to hit NATO warships posing a threat to strategic missile systems in European Russia and to destroy NATO missile defence systems, ballistic missile defense ships and land objects close to the Russian borders. It is allegedly designed to overcome any known or planned US air or missile defense systems including MIM-104 Patriot, Terminal High Altitude Area Defense and Aegis Combat System.[15][16][17][18]

The missile first stage is probably shared with 9K720 Iskander and the guidance section is specifically designed for this missile. It can hit static and mobile targets such as aircraft carriers.[19][20]

Because it flies at hypersonic speeds within the atmosphere, the air pressure in front of it forms a plasma cloud as it moves, absorbing radio waves and making it practically invisible to active radar systems. See plasma stealth.[21]

The high speed of the Kinzhal gives it better target-penetration characteristics than lighter, slower cruise-missiles.[22] With advanced maneuvering capabilities, high precision and hypersonic speed, some sources give it the name "carrier killer" due to its ability to disable and possibly even sink a 100,000 ton supercarrier with a single strike.[23] With a mass of 500 kg (1,100 lb) and a speed of Mach 12, the Kinzhal's warhead (excluding other parts of the missile) has more than 4 gigajoules of kinetic energy, or the equivalent of 990 kg of TNT.

Russian media claims the missile's range is 2,000 km (1,200 mi; 1,100 nmi) when carried by the MiG-31K and 3,000 km (1,900 mi; 1,600 nmi) when carried by the Tu-22M3.[24]

Operational history

The Kinzhal entered service in December 2017 and is one of the six new Russian strategic weapons unveiled by Russian President Vladimir Putin on 1 March 2018.[25][26] The missile was reportedly first used in 2016 during Russia’s military campaign in Syria.[citation needed]

In May 2018, ten MiG-31Ks capable of using Kinzhal missiles were on experimental combat duty and ready to be deployed.[27] By December 2018, aircraft armed with Kinzhal missiles had conducted 89 sorties over the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.[28]

By February 2019, crews of the MiG-31K Kinzhal missile carriers had performed more than 380 training sorties with the missile, of which at least 70 have used air-to-air refueling.[20][29][30] The weapon made its public debut during the Aviadarts international contest in August 2019.[31]

According to TASS, the first launch of Kinzhal in the Arctic took place mid-November, 2019. Reportedly, the launch was carried out by a MiG-31K from Olenya air base. The missile hit a ground target at "Pemboy" proving ground, reaching the speed of Mach 10.[32] In June 2021, a Kinzhal missile was launched by a MiG-31K from Khmeimim Air Base, on a ground target in Syria.[33] A separate aviation regiment has been formed, armed with MiG-31K aircraft with the Kinzhal hypersonic missile in 2021.[34]

Rumours in early February 2022 suggested that several MiG-31 interceptors armed with Kinzhal missiles were dispatched from Soltsy Air Base, Novgorod Oblast, to Chernyakhovsk Naval Air Base in Russia's western Kaliningrad exclave.[35][36][37][38] Russia's Aerospace Force launched Kinzhal hypersonic aeroballistic missiles on 19 February 2022.[39]

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian military said that it used Kinzhal missiles to destroy an alleged underground weapons depot of the Ukrainian armed forces in Deliatyn on 18 March 2022 and a fuel depot in Konstantinovka the next day.[40][41][42][43] U.S President Joe Biden confirmed "It's almost impossible to stop it".[44]

Operators

 Russia

See also

References

  1. ^ "Russia Inducts Its Own 'Carrier Killer' Missile, and It's More Dangerous than China's".
  2. ^ https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/14122149
  3. ^ "Kh-47M2 Kinzhal ("Dagger") – Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance".
  4. ^ a b c d e Alexey Leonkov (2018-05-23). "Hypersonic Dagger Throw: competitors are still in diapers". zvezdaweekly.ru. Retrieved 2018-05-24.
  5. ^ Victor Baranets (2018-03-01). ""Avant-garde", "Sarmat" and "Dagger": what is the latest Russian weapons". Komsomolskaya Pravda. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  6. ^ "Эксперт: новое российское оружие сделано для адекватного отражения угроз". ria.ru. 12 March 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  7. ^ "Russia should deploy MiG-31 squadrons with Kinzhal missiles in Black Sea region — expert". Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  8. ^ "Бомбардировщики Ту-22М3 вооружат гиперзвуковыми ракетами "Кинжал" (The Tu-22M3 bomber will be able to carry four hypersonic "Dagger" missiles)". Риа Новости. 2 July 2018.
  9. ^ "Ten Years Later, Russia Finally Begins Production of the Su-57 Stealth Fighter". Popular Mechanics. 31 July 2019.
  10. ^ "Kinzhal".
  11. ^ "Russia unveils Kinzhal hypersonic missile". www.janes.com. Jane's 360.
  12. ^ Majumdar, Dave (10 May 2018). "Russia Places 10 Deadly MiG-31s on "Experimental Combat Duty" to Carry "Hypersonic" Missile".
  13. ^ "Russian Aerospace Forces test launch Kinzhal hypersonic missile".
  14. ^ Newdick, Thomas. "Russian MiG-31s Armed With Air-Launched Ballistic Missiles Have Arrived In Kaliningrad". The Drive. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  15. ^ ""Hipersoniczny" Kindżał zagrożeniem dla Europy [OPINIA]". Defence24.
  16. ^ "Новое российское оружие стратегического сдерживания. Комплекс "Кинжал"". dfnc.ru. 19 March 2018.
  17. ^ "Совершенное оружие: "Кинжал" быстр и практически невидим".
  18. ^ "От "Кинжала" нет защиты".
  19. ^ Strengthening Russia's Nuclear Forces in the Arctic: The Case of the Kinzhal Missile
  20. ^ a b "Russia picks MiG-31 fighter as a carrier for cutting-edge hypersonic weapon". TASS. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  21. ^ "Research at Hyper Speed: The Pentagon's Research Laboratories Are Working Flat Out to Develop Hypersonic Weapons Technology".
  22. ^ "What are hypersonic missiles and why is Russia using them?". the Guardian. 2022-03-20. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  23. ^ "Military Watch Magazine".
  24. ^ "Russian strategic bomber to extend Kinzhal hypersonic missile's range — source". TASS. 18 July 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  25. ^ "Kinzhal complex substantially boosts Russia's Aerospace Force capabilities – commander". Tass.
  26. ^ "Putin unveils new nuclear missile, says 'listen to us now'". nbcnews.com. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  27. ^ "Интервью заместителя Министра обороны России Юрия Борисова о новой военной технике". bmpd.livejournal.com. 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  28. ^ "Russian MoD sums up 2018 results, details 2019 deliveries". 3 February 2019. Archived from the original on 4 May 2019.
  29. ^ "Russian fighters armed with Kinzhal hypersonic missiles hold drills with strategic bombers". TASS. 19 July 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  30. ^ "New Russian weapons to guarantee security of the country without increasing costs and involvement in the arms race". eng.mil.ru. 20 February 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  31. ^ "ЦАМТО / Новости / Авиамикс в этом году стал самым зрелищным за историю конкурса "Авиадартс-2019"".
  32. ^ "Источники: испытания гиперзвуковой ракеты "Кинжал" впервые проведены в Арктике". TASS (in Russian). 30 November 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  33. ^ "Истребитель МиГ-31К нанёс удар гиперзвуковой ракетой "Кинжал" по неизвестной цели в Сирии". avia.pro (in Russian). 29 June 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  34. ^ "Russian troops receive over 5,000 advanced weapon systems in 2021 — defense chief". TASS. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  35. ^ Newdick, Thomas. "Russian MiG-31s Armed With Air-Launched Ballistic Missiles Have Arrived In Kaliningrad". The Drive. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  36. ^ "MiG-31K Jets Deploy to Kaliningrad: 'Dagger' Hypersonic Missiles Pointed at the Heart of Europe". militarywatchmagazine.com. 9 February 2022.
  37. ^ Shestak, Evgueniya (8 February 2022). "Появились данные о переброске МиГ-31К с «Кинжалом» в Калининградскую область". Vzglyad (in Russian).
  38. ^ https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2022/02/08/russia-deploys-hypersonic-missile-to-baltic-in-range-of-nato-capitols/?sh=3805ecfb217e
  39. ^ "Russian MoD Releases Footage of Strategic Forces Drills". YouTube.
  40. ^ Новости, Р. И. А. (2022-03-19). "ВС России уничтожили подземный склад ракет в Ивано-Франковской области". RIA Novosti (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  41. ^ "Russia says it used hypersonic missiles in Ukraine for first time". Al Jazeera. March 19, 2022.
  42. ^ Paul Kirby (2022-03-19). "Russia claims first use of hypersonic Kinzhal missile in Ukraine". BBC News. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  43. ^ https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/14136665
  44. ^ https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-confirms-russia-used-hypersonic-missile-in-ukraine-2022-3
  45. ^ "Russia's top brass signs a host of deals on advanced weapons delivery to Russian troops".


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Presented content of the Wikipedia article was extracted in 2022-03-31 based on https://en.wikipedia.org/?curid=56745000