J. D. Vance

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J. D. Vance
J. D. Vance by Gage Skidmore.jpg
Vance in 2021
United States Senator-elect
from Ohio
Assuming office
January 3, 2023
SucceedingRob Portman
Personal details
Born
James Donald Bowman

(1984-08-02) August 2, 1984 (age 38)
Middletown, Ohio, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
Usha Chilukuri
​
(m. 2014)​
Children3
EducationOhio State University (BA)
Yale University (JD)
Occupation
  • Politician
  • venture capitalist
  • law clerk
  • author
Known forCommentary on rural sociology, poverty, Hillbilly culture
Websitejdvance.com
Military career
Service/branchUnited States Marine Corps
Years of service2003–2007
RankCorporal
Unit2nd Marine Aircraft Wing
Battles/warsIraq War

James David Vance (born James Donald Bowman on August 2, 1984) is an American politician, venture capitalist, and author.[1] He came to prominence with his 2016 memoir, Hillbilly Elegy. A member of the Republican Party, he is a United States senator-elect from Ohio, having been elected in 2022.[2]

Born in Middletown, Ohio, Vance studied political science and philosophy at Ohio State University before earning a degree from Yale Law School. His memoir, which describes his upbringing in Middletown and his family's Appalachian values, became a New York Times bestseller and attracted significant press attention during the 2016 United States presidential election.[3] Vance launched his first political campaign for Ohio's Senate seat in 2021 and won the Republican nomination with 32% of the vote. He defeated Democratic nominee Tim Ryan in the general election.

Early life and education

James David Vance was born on August 2, 1984, in Middletown, Ohio, between Cincinnati and Dayton, as James Donald Bowman, the son of Donald Bowman and Bev Vance. Of Scots-Irish descent,[4][3][5][6] his mother and father divorced when Vance was a toddler. Shortly afterward, he was adopted by his mother's third husband.[4] Vance and his sister were raised primarily by his grandparents, James and Bonnie Vance, whom they called "Mamaw and Papaw."[5][7][8][9] J. D. later went by the name James Hamel, his stepfather's surname, until adopting the surname Vance in honor of his grandparents.[10]

Vance was educated at Middletown High School,[11] a public high school in his hometown. After graduating, he enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps[12] and served in the Iraq War as a combat correspondent with the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing.[13][14][15][16] Vance later graduated summa cum laude from Ohio State University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and philosophy.[17][18] While at Ohio State, he worked for Republican Ohio State Senator Bob Schuler.[19]

After graduating from Ohio State, Vance earned a Juris Doctor degree from Yale Law School. During his first year, his professor Amy Chua, author of Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, persuaded him to write his memoir.[20]

Career

Vance in 2017

After working at a corporate law firm, Vance moved to San Francisco to work in the tech industry. He served as a principal at Peter Thiel's venture capital firm, Mithril Capital.[21]

In 2016, Harper published Vance's book, Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis. It was on The New York Times Best Seller list in 2016 and 2017. It was a finalist for the 2017 Dayton Literary Peace Prize[22] and winner of the 2017 Audie Award for Nonfiction. The New York Times called it "one of the six best books to help understand Trump's win".[3] The Washington Post called him the "voice of the Rust Belt",[1] while The New Republic criticized him as "liberal media's favorite white trash–splainer" and the "false prophet of blue America."[23] Economist William Easterly, a West Virginia native, criticized the book, writing, "Sloppy analysis of collections of people—coastal elites, flyover America, Muslims, immigrants, people without college degrees, you name it—has become routine. And it's killing our politics."[24]

In December 2016, Vance indicated that he planned to move to Ohio to start a nonprofit, potentially run for office,[25] and work on combating drug addiction in the Rust Belt.[1]

In 2017, Vance joined Revolution LLC, an investment firm founded by AOL cofounder Steve Case, as an investment partner, where he was tasked with expanding the "Rise of the Rest" initiative, which focuses on growing investments in under-served regions outside the Silicon Valley and New York City tech bubbles.[26]

In January 2017, Vance became a CNN contributor.[27] In April 2017, Ron Howard signed on to direct a film version of Hillbilly Elegy, which Netflix released in 2020, and which starred Owen Asztalos and Gabriel Basso as Vance.[28]

In 2019, Vance co-founded Narya Capital in Cincinnati, with financial backing from Thiel, Eric Schmidt, and Marc Andreessen.[29] In 2020, he raised $93 million for the firm.[30] With Thiel and former Trump adviser Darren Blanton, Vance has invested in the Canadian online video platform Rumble, a right-wing alternative to YouTube.[31][32]

2022 Ohio U.S. Senate campaign

Main article: 2022 United States Senate election in Ohio

In early 2018, Vance reportedly considered a bid for U.S. Senate as a Republican running against Democrat Sherrod Brown,[33] but declined to run.[34] In April 2021, he expressed interest in running for the Senate seat being vacated by Republican Rob Portman.[35]

Peter Thiel has given $10 million to Protect Ohio Values, a super PAC, created in February 2021 to support Vance in running for the 2022 U.S. Senate election in Ohio.[36][37][38] Robert Mercer also gave an undisclosed amount.[36] In May 2021, Vance launched an exploratory committee.[39] In July 2021, he officially entered the race;[40] it was his first campaign for public office.[41]

On May 3, 2022, Vance won the Republican primary with 32% of the vote,[42] defeating multiple candidates, including Josh Mandel and Matt Dolan.[43] In November he defeated Democratic nominee Tim Ryan in the general election.

Political positions

Vance has been called a populist conservative, backed by venture capitalist Peter Thiel and endorsed by Tucker Carlson.[44] In July 2021, he said that the culture war is a class war against middle-class and working-class Americans, and an economic war against conservatives.[45]

Social issues

Vance opposes abortion after 15 weeks and said abortion laws should be set by states.[46][47] When asked whether abortion laws should include exceptions for rape and incest, he said, "two wrong[s] don't make a right."[48] Ohio's largest anti-abortion group, Ohio Right to Life, endorsed Vance's campaign.[49]

Vance opposes the Respect for Marriage Act.[50][51] In 2022, he said, "I believe that marriage is between one man and one woman, but I don't think the gay marriage issue is alive right now. I'm not one of these guys who's looking to try to take people's families and rip them apart."[52]

Immigration

Vance once admonished Trump for demonizing immigrants, but has repeatedly called illegal immigration "dirty".[53][54] In 2022, he told Tucker Carlson that Democrats “have decided that they can’t win reelection in 2022 unless they bring a large number of new voters to replace the voters that are already here".[55] This led to allegations that Vance was endorsing Great Replacement theory, according to which there is an effort to replace white Americans with immigrants.[56][55] He has supported Trump's proposal for a wall along the southern border and rejected the idea that advocates for the border wall are racist. He has also proposed spending $3 billion to finish Trump's wall.[57][58]

Views on childlessness, divorce, and domestic abuse

In a 2021 speech to the Intercollegiate Studies Institute, Vance blamed "the childless left" for America's woes. He praised far-right Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orban for encouraging married couples to have children, and that parents should "have a bigger say in how democracy functions" than non-parents.[59]

In September 2021, while speaking at Pacifica Christian High School in California, Vance said, "This is one of the great tricks that I think the sexual revolution pulled on the American populace, which is the idea that, like, 'well, OK, these marriages were fundamentally, you know, they were maybe even violent, but certainly they were unhappy. And so getting rid of them and making it easier for people to shift spouses like they change their underwear, that's going to make people happier in the long term.'"[60] Vice wrote that Vance "seemed to suggest that in some cases, 'even violent' marriages should continue." In response to Vice, Vance claimed that rates of domestic violence had "skyrocketed" in recent years due to what he called "modern society's war on families". In recent decades, rates of domestic violence have decreased.[61][62] A strategist for Vance called Vice's characterization misleading and said Vance does not support people staying in abusive relationships.[63]

Views on drug smuggling

During his 2022 U.S. Senate campaign, Vance said that President Joe Biden was flooding Ohio with illegal drugs by not enforcing security at the southern border,[64] a claim The New York Times called "blatantly false".[65]

Relationship with Donald Trump

During the 2016 U.S. presidential election, Vance was an outspoken critic of Republican nominee Donald Trump. In a February 2016 USA Today column, he wrote that "Trump's actual policy proposals, such as they are, range from immoral to absurd."[66] In October 2016, he called Trump "reprehensible" in a post on Twitter,[67] and described himself as a "never-Trump guy."[68] Vance's law school roommate, Josh McLaurin, shared messages Vance had sent him during the 2016 presidential campaign saying that Trump could possibly become either another "cynical asshole" like Richard Nixon or "America's Hitler".[69] Vance also stated his intention to vote for independent presidential candidate Evan McMullin in the 2016 presidential election.[67]

By February 2018, Vance began changing his opinion, saying Trump "is one of the few political leaders in America that recognizes the frustration that exists in large parts of Ohio, Pennsylvania, eastern Kentucky and so forth".[70]

Vance supported Trump in 2020.[71] In July 2021, he apologized for calling Trump "reprehensible" and deleted posts from 2016 from his Twitter account that were critical of Trump.[72][73] Vance said that he now thought Trump was a good president and expressed regret about his criticism during the 2016 election.[67] Vance visited Mar-a-Lago to meet with Trump and Peter Thiel ahead of an official announcement regarding his U.S. Senate campaign.[35]

In October 2021, Vance reiterated Trump's claims of election fraud, saying that Trump lost the 2020 presidential election because of widespread voter fraud.[74]

In April 2022, Trump endorsed Vance for U.S. Senate.[68]

Personal life

Vance has been married to a former law school classmate, Usha Chilukuri Vance, since 2014. They have three children.[75] For much of his professional career, Vance and his family have lived in San Francisco, where they were active in community gardening.[76]

Vance was raised in a "conservative, evangelical" branch of Protestantism, but by September 2016, he was "thinking very seriously about converting to Catholicism" but was "not an active participant" in any particular religious denomination.[77] In August 2019, Vance was baptized and confirmed in the Roman Catholic Church in a ceremony at St. Gertrude Priory in Cincinnati, Ohio. He chose Augustine of Hippo for his confirmation name. Vance said he converted because he "became persuaded over time that Catholicism was true", and described Roman Catholic theology's influence on his political views.[78]

Also in 2019, the first issue of The Lamp, which has since been called "a Catholic version of The New Yorker",[79] included an essay by Vance describing the reasons for his conversion to Roman Catholicism.[80]

Works

  • Vance, J. D. (June 2016). Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis. Harper. ISBN 9780062300546.

References

  1. ^ a b c Heller, Karen (February 6, 2017). "'Hillbilly Elegy' made J.D. Vance the voice of the Rust Belt. But does he want that job?". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
  2. ^ "Ohio Senate primary election results: J.D. Vance wins GOP race, will face Tim Ryan". NBC News. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  3. ^ a b c "6 Books to Help Understand Trump's Win". The New York Times. November 9, 2016. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis". ENotes. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
  5. ^ a b Rothman, Joshua (September 12, 2016). "The Lives of Poor White People". The New Yorker. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
  6. ^ Kroeger, Alix (April 18, 2021). "JD Vance: Trump whisperer turned Senate hopeful". BBC News. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  7. ^ Kunzru, Hari (December 7, 2016). "Hillbilly Elegy by JD Vance review – does this memoir really explain Trump's victory?". The Guardian.
  8. ^ "'Hillbilly Elegy' Recalls A Childhood Where Poverty Was 'The Family Tradition'". NPR. August 17, 2016.
  9. ^ Meibers, Bonnie (November 15, 2020). "'Hillbilly Elegy' is my family's story. I'm happy it shared my Mamaw with the world". Journal-News. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  10. ^ Sewell, Dan (April 16, 2021). "'Hillbilly' to Capitol Hill? Author eyes Senate bid in Ohio". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  11. ^ Clark, Michael D. (March 10, 2017). "Middletown native J.D. Vance's book started with simple question". Journal-News. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
  12. ^ Richter, Ed (April 11, 2017). "Ron Howard to make movie on Middletown grad's 'Hillbilly Elegy'". Journal-News. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  13. ^ Hamel, James D. (November 2, 2005). "VMGR-252 air crews make mission possible in Iraq". DVIDS. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  14. ^ "'Hillbilly Elegy' author J.D. Vance giving virtual talk at NDSU". Williston Herald. January 7, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  15. ^ Benoit, Dick (September 8, 2005). "Pentagon hosts 9/11 tours". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
  16. ^ Stilwell, Blake (October 20, 2020). "Read a Marine Corps PAO Story by 'Hillbilly Elegy' Author JD Vance". Military.com. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  17. ^ "J. D. Vance, Visiting Fellow". American Enterprise Institute. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
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  19. ^ Vance, J. D. (2017). Hillbilly Elegy. London: William Collins. p. 181. ISBN 9780008220563. OCLC 965479512. I took a job at the Ohio Statehouse, working for a remarkably kind senator from the Cincinnati area named Bob Schuler. He was a good man, and I liked his politics, so when constituents called and complained, I tried to explain his positions.
  20. ^ Kitchener, Caroline (June 7, 2016). "How the 'Tiger Mom' Convinced the Author of Hillbilly Elegy to Write His Story". The Atlantic.
  21. ^ McBride, Sarah (January 20, 2017). "Peter Thiel's Mithril Capital Raises $850 Million VC Fund". Bloomberg Technology. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
  22. ^ "Dayton Literary Peace Prize - Press Release Announcing the 2017 Finalists for Fiction and Nonfiction Awards" (Press release). Dayton Literary Peace Prize. September 7, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
  23. ^ Jones, Sarah (November 17, 2016). "J.D. Vance, the False Prophet of Blue America". The New Republic. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  24. ^ Easterly, William (2016). "Stereotypes Are Poisoning American Politics". Bloomberg News. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
  25. ^ Hohmann, James (December 21, 2016). "The Daily 202: Why the author of 'Hillbilly Elegy' is moving home to Ohio". The Washington Post.
  26. ^ Heater, Brian (March 22, 2017). "'Hillbilly Elegy' author J.D. Vance joins Revolution LLC to promote startups outside of Silicon Valley". TechCrunch. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  27. ^ Katz, A. J. (January 17, 2017). "CNN Strengthens its Roster of Commentators and Contributors". AdWeek. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
  28. ^ Reed, Ryan (April 10, 2017). "Ron Howard to Direct, Produce 'Hillbilly Elegy' Movie". Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
  29. ^ Vermillion, Stephanie (February 16, 2020). "J.D. Vance's New Cincinnati-based VC Firm Excites Local Startup Leaders". Cincy Inno. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  30. ^ Loizos, Connie (January 9, 2019). "'Hillbilly Elegy' author J.D. Vance has raised $93 million for his own Midwestern venture fund". TechCrunch. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
  31. ^ Hagey, Keach (May 19, 2021). "WSJ News Exclusive | Peter Thiel, J.D. Vance Invest in Rumble Video Platform Popular on Political Right". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  32. ^ Lutz, Eric (May 20, 2021). "Peter Thiel and J.D. Vance Are Propping Up a Right-Wing YouTube Alternative". Vanity Fair. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
  33. ^ Gomez, Henry (January 10, 2018). "J.D. Vance Is Now Seriously Considering Running For Senate In Ohio". BuzzFeed. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
  34. ^ Carozza, Vinny (January 19, 2018). "Middletown native and Ohio State grad decides against Senate run". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
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  36. ^ a b Kinery, Emma (March 15, 2021). "Peter Thiel, Mercers Back a Potential J.D. Vance Senate Run". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  37. ^ Mathis-Lilley, Ben (March 18, 2021). "J.D. Vance's Potential Senate Campaign Is Shaping Up as a Vicious Assault on People Like J.D. Vance". Slate. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  38. ^ Balmert, Jessie (March 15, 2021). "Super PAC supporting potential Senate candidate J.D. Vance gets $10 million donation from PayPal cofounder". The Cincinnati Enquirer.
  39. ^ De Lea, Brittany (May 12, 2021). "'Hillbilly Elegy' author J.D. Vance forms exploratory committee to run for Senate seat in Ohio: report". Fox News. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  40. ^ Axelrod, Tal (July 1, 2021). "JD Vance jumps into Ohio Senate primary". The Hill.
  41. ^ Arkin, James (July 1, 2021). "J.D. Vance joins already chaotic Ohio Senate primary". Politico. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  42. ^ Shivaram, Deepa (May 3, 2022). "After Trump's endorsement, J.D. Vance wins a crowded Ohio GOP Senate race, the AP says". NPR. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
  43. ^ Linton, Caroline; Brewster, Adam; Navarro, Aaron (May 4, 2022). "Ohio primary results: Trump-backed J.D. Vance wins Republican Senate race". CBS News. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  44. ^ Goldman, Samuel (July 15, 2021). "Peter Thiel's implausible populists". The Week. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
  45. ^ Vakil, Caroline (July 23, 2021). "JD Vance takes aim at culture wars, childless politicians". The Hill. Retrieved July 11, 2022. Vance said that the culture war is a class war against middle and working class Americans, and also claimed that it's an economic war against conservatives.
  46. ^ Hulsey, Lynn. "6 takeaways from U.S. Senate candidate debate between Tim Ryan and J.D. Vance". Retrieved October 10, 2022.
  47. ^ Kasler, Karen (October 11, 2022). "Tim Ryan, J.D. Vance face off on economy, abortion, politics in Ohio U.S. Senate debate". The Statehouse News Bureau. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
  48. ^ Wagner, John (September 24, 2021). "Ohio Senate candidate J.D. Vance argues against need for rape and incest exceptions in abortion laws". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  49. ^ Smyth, Julie Carr (April 7, 2022). "Ohio Right to Life backs JD Vance for open US Senate seat". ABC News. Associated Press.
  50. ^ "Ohio Senate Race: J.D. Vance Focuses on Conservative Family Issues". The Cincinnati Enquirer. August 25, 2022. Retrieved September 27, 2022. He's against same-sex marriage and said he would not support federal legislation to codify marriage equality...
  51. ^ BeMiller, Haley (August 2, 2022). "Ohio Senate candidate J.D. Vance opposes bill to protect gay, interracial marriage rights". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved September 17, 2022.
  52. ^ BeMiller, Haley (July 11, 2022). "Ohio Senate race: Where JD Vance, Tim Ryan stand on abortion". The Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original on July 11, 2022. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  53. ^ Tracy, Marc (July 27, 2021). "Trump Is Gone, but the Media's Misinformation Challenge Is Still Here". The New York Times.
  54. ^ Tobias, Andrew J. (July 18, 2021). "J.D. Vance used to admonish Donald Trump's 'xenophobic' appeals to voters. Until he decided to run for Senate". The Plain Dealer.
  55. ^ a b Gomez, Henry J. (October 17, 2022). "Tim Ryan and J.D. Vance attack each other over 'great replacement' theory in final Ohio Senate debate". NBC News.
  56. ^ Slisco, Aila (October 17, 2022). "Tim Ryan rips J.D. Vance on 'replacement theory,' ties to "extremists"". Newsweek.
  57. ^ Kaczynski, Andrew; Myers, Drew (April 15, 2022). "JD Vance said in 2016 the Republican Party's three-decade strategy was antagonizing Black voters Politics". CNN.
  58. ^ Dress, Brad (October 19, 2022). "JD Vance says GOP needs to pick a fight with Biden over border wall". The Hill.
  59. ^ Pengelly, Martin (July 26, 2021). "Ohio Senate candidate JD Vance blames America's woes on 'the childless left': Hillbilly Elegy author singles out Kamala Harris, Pete Buttigieg, Cory Booker and AOC as he praises far-right president of Hungary". The Guardian. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  60. ^ Dasgupta, Sravasti (July 26, 2022). "JD Vance suggested women in violent relationships should not get divorced". The Independent. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
  61. ^ Cameron, Joseph (July 25, 2022). "JD Vance Suggests People in 'Violent' Marriages Shouldn't Get Divorced". Vice. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
  62. ^ Levin, Bess (July 25, 2022). "GOP Senate Candidate J.D. Vance: If People Love Their Kids, They'll Stay in Violent Marriages". Vanity Fair. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  63. ^ Trau, Trau (July 28, 2022). "J.D. Vance denies supporting abusive marriages after viral comments". WEWS.
  64. ^ Kessler, Glen (May 11, 2022). "J.D. Vance's Claim that Biden is Targeting 'MAGA Voters' with Fentanyl". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
  65. ^ Leonhardt, David (May 4, 2022). "A Trump Win in Ohio". The New York Times. Retrieved May 11, 2022. More recently, he has turned into a hard-edged conspiracist who claimed President Biden was flooding Ohio with illegal drugs — a blatantly false claim.
  66. ^ Vance, J. D. (February 18, 2016). "Trump speaks for those Bush betrayed: Column". USA Today. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
  67. ^ a b c Warren, Michael; Steck, Em; Kaczynski, Andrew (July 6, 2021). "Senate hopeful J.D. Vance apologizes for criticizing Trump as 'reprehensible' in deleted tweets". CNN. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
  68. ^ a b Jill, Colvin; Smyth, Julie Carr (April 15, 2022). "Trump backs GOP's JD Vance in US Senate primary in Ohio". ABC News. ABC. Associated Press. Retrieved April 17, 2022.
  69. ^ BeMiller, Haley (April 19, 2022). "Ohio Senate candidate J.D. Vance questioned whether Trump is like Hitler in 2016 message". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  70. ^ Donnan, Shawn (February 2, 2018). "Hillbilly elegist JD Vance: 'The people calling the shots really screwed up'". Financial Times. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
  71. ^ Quay, Grayson. "Trump endorses Hillbilly Elegy author J.D. Vance in Ohio Senate primary". Retrieved April 16, 2022.
  72. ^ "JD Vance says he regrets past criticism of Trump". Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  73. ^ Warren, Michael; Steck, Em; Kaczynski, Andrew (July 6, 2021). "Senate hopeful J.D. Vance apologizes for criticizing Trump as 'reprehensible' in deleted tweets". CNN. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  74. ^ Skolnick, David (October 23, 2021). "Vance spouts Trump talking points on 2020 election loss". Tribune Chronicle. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  75. ^ "Trump-backed JD Vance with Indian connection wins Ohio Primary for US Senate". India Post. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  76. ^ Vance, J.D. (July 4, 2016). "Opioid of the Masses". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
  77. ^ Dallas, Kelsey (September 9, 2016). "Author J.D. Vance: Faith made me believe in a hopeful future". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  78. ^ Dreher, Rod (August 11, 2019). "J.D. Vance Becomes Catholic". The American Conservative. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
  79. ^ Liedl, Jonathan (October 14, 2021). "Meditation on a magazine cover". The Catholic Spirit. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
  80. ^ van Zuylen-Wood, Simon (January 4, 2022). "The Radicalization of J.D. Vance". The Washington Post Magazine. Archived from the original on January 4, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.

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