Gabriel Boric

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In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Boric and the second or maternal family name is Font.
Gabriel Boric
Gabriel Boric Font (2021) (cropped).png
Boric in 2021
President-elect of Chile
Assuming office
11 March 2022
SucceedingSebastián Piñera
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
from Magallanes
Assumed office
11 March 2018
Preceded byDistrict established
Succeeded byJaviera Morales (elect)[1]
Constituency28th district
In office
11 March 2014 – 11 March 2018
Preceded byMiodrag Marinović
Succeeded byDistrict suppressed
Constituency60th district
President of the University of Chile Student Federation
In office
19 December 2011 – 28 November 2012
Preceded byCamila Vallejo
Succeeded byAndrés Fielbaum
Personal details
Born (1986-02-11) 11 February 1986 (age 35)
Punta Arenas, Magallanes, Chile
Political party
Other political
affiliations		Autonomous Left
(2008–2016)
Autonomist Movement
(2016–2018)
Domestic partnerIrina Karamanos
(2019–present)
EducationUniversity of Chile[2]
Signature

Gabriel Boric Font (Spanish: [ɡaˈβɾjel ˈβoɾitʃ];[a] born 11 February 1986)[3] is a Chilean politician and student leader and the president-elect of Chile, having won the 2021 presidential election run-off vote on 19 December 2021. A member of Social Convergence, he previously served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies representing Magallanes' 28th district from 2018 to 2022 and the 60th district from 2014 to 2018.

Boric studied in the Faculty of Law at the University of Chile, and was the president of the University of Chile Student Federation from 2011 to 2012.[4][5][6] As a student representative, he became one of the leading figures of the 2011–2013 Chilean student protests. Boric was twice elected to the Chamber of Deputies representing the Magallanes and Antarctic district, first as an independent candidate in 2013 and then in 2017 as part of the Broad Front, a leftist coalition he created with several other parties.

During the 2019 civil unrest in Chile, Boric was one of the politicians negotiating the agreement that paved the way for a referendum to change the Constitution.[7] In 2021, he was selected as the presidential candidate of the Apruebo Dignidad coalition (that included the Broad Front, the Communist Party and other smaller movements) after winning the official primaries with 60% of the popular vote. On 19 December 2021, Boric defeated José Antonio Kast in the second round of the presidential election, obtaining 55.9% of the votes. He is set to become the youngest president in Chile's history and second youngest state leader in the world,[b] as well as the president elected with the highest number of votes in the country's history.[8][9]

Biography

Family background

On his father's side, Gabriel Boric is from a Croatian Chilean family from Ugljan, an island off Croatia's Adriatic coast.[10] Although his Borić ancestors[c] left what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire for Chile in 1897, he still has relatives on Ugljan.[11] Boric's great-grandfather Juan Boric (Ive Boric Baresic) arrived with his brother Simón (Sime) to Punta Arenas around 1885, reportedly being among the first ten Croats to arrive in to Magallanes.[12] In Magallanes the two brothers joined the ongoing Tierra del Fuego gold rush spending time in the islands south of Beagle Channel.[12] Juan Boric went briefly back to Ugljan to marry and brought his wife to Magallanes where ten of their eleven children were born.[12] Born in 1908 Boric's grandfather Luis Boric Crnosij was one of these children.[12] Gabriel Boric's father is Luis Boric Scarpa is the son of Luis Boric.[12] Luis Boric Scarpa is a chemical engineer who has been a government employee of the Empresa Nacional del Petróleo for more than 40 years.[13] Gabriel Boric's mother is María Soledad Font Aguilera, of Catalan descent.[14][15]

His family was well known in the Chilean Patagonia. One of his great uncles, Vladimiro Boric, served as the first bishop of Punta Arenas.[16] Roque Scarpa Martinich, other of his great uncles, was the first intendant of Magallanes Region after the end of the military dictatorship. Both Roque Scarpa and his own father were members of the Christian Democratic Party.[17]

Early life

Gabriel Boric was born in Punta Arenas in 1986. He has two brothers, Simón and Tomás.[18]

Boric studied at The British School in his hometown.[19][20] He then moved to Santiago to study at University of Chile's law school in 2004.[21] He finished his courses in 2009, the same year he became President of the Law School students' union. He then prepared for his degree's final exam and completed his mandatory internship. However, he failed the test in 2011 and did not take it a second time.[22] Boric never received a law degree and has mentioned in interviews he never expected to work as a lawyer, saying he preferred to be a writer instead.[2]

During part of his time at university Boric earned a slot as assistant to professor José Zalaquett in the latter's human rights course.[23][24]

Student politics

Boric as President of the University of Chile Students Federation, in 2012.

In 1999 and 2000, Boric participated in the re-establishment of the Federation of Secondary School Students of Punta Arenas.[25] While at university, he joined the political collective Autonomous Left (Izquierda Autónoma), initially known as Autonomous Students (Estudiantes Autónomos). He was an advisor to the Students' Union of the Law Department in 2008 and became its president in 2009, when he led a protest for 44 days against the dean Roberto Nahum.[26] He also represented students as a university senator from 2010 to 2012.[27]

Boric was a candidate for the leadership of the University of Chile Student Federation (FECH) as part of the list Creando Izquierda in the elections of 5–6 December 2011. He was elected president with 30.52% of the votes, defeating Camila Vallejo, who was then the president of the federation running for re-election as part of the list Communist Youth of Chile.[28]

During his time as president of the FECH, Boric had to face the second part of the student protests that began in 2011, becoming one of the main spokespersons of the Federation of Chilean Students.[29] In 2012, he was included on the list of 100 young leaders of Chile, published by the Saturday magazine of the newspaper El Mercurio, in collaboration with Adolfo Ibáñez University.[30]

Member of Chamber of Deputies (2014–2022)

2014 (first)
2014 (second)
2018
Official portraits of Gabriel Boric as a deputy.

Boric ran in the 2013 parliamentary elections as an independent candidate to represent District 60 (currently District 28), which encompasses the Region of Magallanes and the Chilean Antarctic. He was elected with 15,418 votes (26.2%), the highest number received by any candidate in the region.[31][32] The media highlighted the fact that Boric was elected outside of an electoral coalition,[33] thereby successfully breaking through the Chilean bi-nominal election system.[34][35][36][37]

Boric was sworn in as a member of the Chamber of Deputies on 11 March 2014.[25] During his first term, Boric sat on the Commissions for Human Rights and Indigenous Peoples; Extreme Zones and the Chilean Antarctic; and Labour and Social Security.[25] Boric was part of the so-called "student bench" (bancada estudiantil) along with other young elected deputies that were part of the 2011 protests: Camila Vallejo, Giorgio Jackson and Karol Cariola. The deputies were very active in debates related to the educational reforms proposed by the second government of Michelle Bachelet.[38] In different opinion polls, Boric was mentioned as one of the most popular politicians in Chile.[39][40]

Autonomous Left was disbanded in 2016 after disagreements about the future of the collective, with Boric proposing a more institutional approach and dialog with the center-left government of Bachelet.[41] Another disagreement was that the directive of the Autonomous Left prefered to keep focused on student politics, while Boric and his alikes had according to Autonomous Left's Carlos Ruiz a "compulsion for a rapid rise".[24] Boric, Nicolás Grau, Jorge Sharp and Gonzalo Winter then founded the Autonomist Movement with the intention to join other political forces and create a new leftist coalition, similar to the Uruguayan Broad Front.[42][43][24] The new Autonomist Movement saw good electoral results; for instance, one of Boric's closest friends, Jorge Sharp, was elected as mayor of Valparaíso in its 2016 municipal elections.[44] In January 2017, the Chilean Broad Front (Frente Amplio) was launched by Boric's movement along with other new parties and collectives, including Jackson's Democratic Revolution.[45] Boric was then one of the leaders behind Beatriz Sánchez's campaign in the 2017 presidential election. After Sánchez landed in the third place and failed to qualify for the second round, Boric reluctantly supported Alejandro Guillier as a way to defeat Sebastián Piñera, though Piñera eventually won.[46]

In the 2017 general election, Boric ran for re-election as an independent candidate supported by the Humanist Party, one of the founding members of the Broad Front. He obtained 18,626 votes (32.8%),[47] increasing his votes compared to 2013 and becoming the second most voted deputy in the country at the time.[25] He sat on the Commissions for Extreme Zones and the Chilean Antarctic; and Constitution, Legislation, Justice and Regulation.[25]

The overall good results of the Broad Front in the 2017 elections, when it became the third largest political force in Chile, was a catalyst for the re-organization of the coalition and its members.[48] The Autonomist Movement along with other smaller movements decided in 2018 to become a political party called Social Convergence.[49]

Role in the

Main article: 2019–2021 Chilean protests

On 18 October 2019, protests against the increase in the tariffs in the Santiago transport system sparked the Estallido social, the largest civil unrest in the country since the end of the military dictatorship. After riots started in different places of the capital, President Piñera established a state of emergency in Santiago, which was later extended to all major cities of the country as the protests grew. Protesters incorporated demands about the general cost of living, corruption and inequality, among other causes.[50][51] Boric was a strong critic of the government's response and opposed the use of the Chilean Armed Forces to repress the protests, even confronting a group of soldiers deployed in Plaza Italia.[52] He was one of the accusers in the impeachment trial against Interior Minister Andrés Chadwick, who was found guilty of human rights violations against protesters and was barred from holding public office for five years.[53][54][55] Boric also supported the impeachment of President Piñera, although it was eventually rejected.[55]

Despite being one of the main critics of the government's response to the protests, Boric was also open to dialogue with other political forces to find a solution to the crisis. Conversations between him and right-wing politicians helped to reach an agreement that would pave the way for the establishment of the Constitutional Convention to write a new Constitution.[56][57] On 15 November 2019, the "Agreement for Social Peace and the New Constitution" was signed by the presidents of the political parties represented in parliament, with the exception of the Communist Party and some members of the Broad Front, including Social Convergence. Boric signed the agreement as an individual, which led to accusations against him by some of his party's fellow members;[58] some of them even resigned from the party, including his personal friend Jorge Sharp.[44] The Green Ecologist Party, the Humanist Party and the Equality Party also opposed the agreement and left the Broad Front, along with other smaller movements like the Pirate Party and the Libertarian Left.[59] On December 20, Boric was attacked at Parque Forestal by people who called him a traitor and sell-out because of his participation in the Agreement for Peace and a New Constitution agreed with traditional politics, throwing spit and beer at him. Boric remained calm, without leaving his bench. [60]

2021 presidential candidacy

Main article: 2021 Chilean general election
Boric presents the signatures required to run as a presidential candidate.

During 2020, the conflict with the government increased due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile while the civil unrest was on a suspended state due to lockdowns in most of the country. This situation, along with the common campaign for the constitutional referendum, helped to unite the left and center-left opposition, especially the Broad Front and Chile Digno, an alliance led by the Communist Party. After 78% of the voters supported the idea of a new Constitution in the October 2020 referendum, several talks were held to articulate a united opposition in the May 2021 elections of mayors, regional governors and members of the Constitutional Convention. Boric supported a coordination between all the parties and the registration of fewer electoral lists to avoid a dispersion of voters.[61] In the end, the Broad Front and Chile Digno reached an agreement to present a common list called Apruebo Dignidad, which became the second largest bloc in the Constitutional Convention (only behind the united pact of the right, Vamos por Chile). Apruebo Dignidad also increased their results in the local and regional elections, becoming a competitive option for the November 2021 general election.

Daniel Jadue, the Communist mayor of Recoleta, was the leading candidate to represent the left in the presidential election according to preliminary opinion polls.[62][63] The Broad Front initially supported Beatriz Sánchez to run again as their presidential candidate. However, she rejected the proposal and instead ran for the Constitutional Convention.[64] Without their main candidate, the Broad Front looked for options but most of their candidates weren't very popular or didn't have the required age to run for president.[65] Eventually, 35-year-old Boric became an option, at least to participate in a primary election against Jadue. However, Social Convergence didn't have the minimum number of members to present a presidential candidate. In record time, a campaign was created so Boric could run, meeting the required number of signatures a day before the deadline.[66]

Boric in the celebrations after his victory in the 2021 presidential election.

Against all expectations, Boric won the Apruebo Dignidad primary election on 19 July 2021 with 1,059,060 votes (60.4%), while Jadue received 39.6%. Boric was also the most voted candidate in the general primary, surpassing all candidates of the Chile Vamos primary which was held simultaneously.[67] Following his primary victory, Boric announced on Twitter that he would work together with Jadue during the general election in order to present a united front.[68]

According to the main opinion polls, Boric and Chile Vamos candidate Sebastián Sichel were frontrunners for the presidential election. However, Sichel's popularity plummeted a few months later and was surpassed by far-right candidate José Antonio Kast in the polls. In the first round of the election held on 21 November, Boric obtained 25.82% of the vote, second to Kast's 27.91%, and therefore went on to the second round. On 19 December 2021, Boric won the runoff with 55.85% of the vote.[8] His inauguration is due on 11 March 2022.[9]

Political positions

President Sebastián Piñera receives Gabriel Boric in La Moneda Palace after his election.

Gabriel Boric is a left-wing politician, who has been described along a wide range of positions, including socialism,[69] social democracy[70][71] and libertarian socialism.[72]

The Economist has called Boric "woke" and part of the millennial left "[w]ith a programme focused on social justice, human rights, the environment and feminism".[73] Cristián Warnken and Carlos Peña agree on Boric being a "postmodern leader".[74] Peña credits Boric and the Broad Front for bringing together widely different demands that have emerged as Chilean society has modernized.[74] As part of the first generation raised after the end of the military dictatorship,[d] Boric is considered a representative of a "fearless" generation that didn't live the restrictions imposed by the authoritarian regime and has revolted against the status quo imposed by their parents' generation.[75] Chilean poet Alejandro Zambra wrote that Boric's generation was able to "kill the[ir] father", as "they created their political parties and refused to own [their parents'] traumas".[76]

Boric has criticized the social and economic model established in Chile during the dictatorship and considers it continued after the transition to democracy. During the 2021 election, he pledged to end the country's neoliberal economic model, stating that "if Chile was the cradle of neoliberalism, it will also be its grave."[77][78] He has mentioned that, during the center-left Concertación governments, "the people was left aside by consensus politics that consolidated the current neoliberal Chile".[79] However, in latter years, especially after his election as president, he has adopted a more nuanced vision, recognizing that "there were successes and things that didn't go well".[80]

As a student leader, Boric criticized the Crédito con Aval del Estado (CAE), a student loan program created by Ricardo Lagos's government.[81][82] During his political career, Boric has insisted that education should be a right and not be available for profit, and has pledged to condone the student loans and end the program as a President.[83] Boric has also proposed to diminish private participation in critical sectors. Regarding the health system, Boric has called to establish a universal publicly funded health care system, citing the British NHS as an example,[84] while he has also called to abolish the AFP pension system and replacing it with a public autonomous entity to administer the pension funds.[85]

Boric has promoted a law to establish a 40-hour working week and increase the minimum wage.[85] Also, he has proposed workers' representatives and gender equality in the composition of boards of large companies.[86] Regarding mining, the largest industry in Chile, Boric has proposed the creation of a state company for lithium extraction, increase the royalties paid by extracting companies and protect the environment.[87] Boric has mentioned that one of the main pillars of his presidency will be to face the impact of climate change and promote a green economy.[88][87]

Boric has supported the recognition of LGBT rights in Chile[89] and included the legal recognition of non-binary identities and the expansion of the gender identity law as part of his presidential campaign program.[90]

Foreign policy

Boric in a presidential debate

Boric has said that the democratic left should not have a double standard on human rights or use the principle of self-determination to justify human rights violations. He said that, just as the left must "condemn the violation of human rights in Chile during the dictatorship (and also today, for example with the criminalization of the Mapuche people, or with the treatment that the current government is giving part of the migrant population), the 'white' coups in Brazil, Honduras and Paraguay, the Israeli occupation of Palestine, or the interventionism of the United States, we must from the left with the same force condemn the permanent restriction of freedoms in Cuba, the repressive government of Ortega in Nicaragua, the dictatorship in China and the weakening of the basic conditions of democracy in Venezuela".[91] During his 2021 presidential campaign, he said that the 2021 Nicaraguan general election was fraudulent and called on the Communist Party of Chile, one of his allies, to rescind its original statement supporting Daniel Ortega's government.[92] Boric has been critical of President of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro stance regarding the crimes of the military dictatorship of Brazil (1964–1985), further he has called Bolsonaro "a danger for the environment and for humanity".[93] Bolsonaro, in turn, has had a cold attitude towards Boric since the latter's election on December 2021.[93]

Regarding Bolivia, Boric has mentioned his intentions to re-establish diplomatic relations between both countries, after they were severed in 1978.[94] However various factors may hinder a rapprochement with Bolivia. Among these are the strong institutionality of Chilean foreign relations, two recent disputes between Bolivia and Chile at the International Court of Justice and the likely negative of Chile to discuss Bolivia's maritime demands in the first years of Boric's government.[95]

He has supported Argentina's position regarding the Falkland Islands.[96]

Regarding the Israeli occupation of Palestine, Boric has supported the State of Palestine on several occasions. In 2019, after he received a gift from the Jewish community in Chile, he called for Israel to return the occupied Palestinian territories in a tweet.[97] He called Israel a "genocidal and murderous state" which was violating international treaties and said that "No matter how powerful a country is, we must defend international principles and human rights".[98] Boric has denied accusations of antisemitism and said that he rejects any kind of discrimination. He described the Israeli occupation of territories outside the 1967 borders as a violation of international law.[99] In October 2021, Boric and other deputies presented a bill to forbid the import of products made in Israeli settlements, which are considered illegal by the international community. The bill, based on recommendations by Human Rights Watch, was described by the American Jewish Committee as a danger to the Chilean Jewish community and to Israel.[100]

Personal life

Boric wearing a Nine Inch Nails hat in 2015.

Gabriel Boric has been outspoken on mental health issues and his struggles with obsessive–compulsive disorder, having been diagnosed as a child. He took leave from congress for a few weeks after being hospitalised for it in 2018.[101][102] The improvement of mental health services, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, was one of the central issues of his presidential campaign.[103]

He was raised in a religious Catholic family, with his mother involved in the Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement.[17] However, Boric considers himself agnostic.[104]

Boric has been in a relationship with anthropologist and sociologist Irina Karamanos since 2019. During Boric's presidential campaign, Karamanos stated that she would redefine the role of the First Lady to have a more feminist approach which is better suited to modern times.[105][106]

During the presidential campaign, Boric's love for rock and metal music became widely known. Most notably, he has frequently posted in social media about some of his favorite bands like Deftones, Tool, Nine Inch Nails, and Rammstein,[107] although he has also mentioned he enjoys musicians from other genres, like Laura Pausini, Taylor Swift and Jeongyeon.[108][109] Boric is an avid supporter of football team Universidad Católica.[110]

Since his election as a deputy, his look and style has been scrutinized.[111] As one of the youngest member of the Chamber of Deputies, he normally used casual clothes (including jeans and t-shirts) in sessions of the Congress and even had a mohawk hairstyle for some months.[111][108] In 2014, there was some controversy after Boric didn't use a tie or wear a formal jacket when he joined the Chamber and a right-wing deputy complained publicly about it.[112][113] During his presidential campaign, Boric adopted a more formal look but still didn't wear ties. He also will be the first Latin American head of state to have visible tattoos; the designs in his arms and back are references to his home region, including a map of the Magallanes Region, a lenga tree and a lighthouse.[114]

The Boric Font family has a mongrel dog, called Brownie, as a pet in their home in Punta Arenas.[115]

Electoral history

2013 parliamentary elections

2013 parliamentary elections for deputy of District 60 (Río Verde, Antártica, Laguna Blanca, Natales, Cabo de Hornos, Porvenir, Primavera, Punta Arenas, San Gregorio, Timaukel and Torres del Paine)[31]

Candidate List Party Votes % Result
Gabriel Boric Font Independent (No list) IND 15,417 26.18 Elected
Juan Enrique Morano Cornejo New Majority PDC 10,760 18.27 Elected
Domingo Rubilar Ruiz New Majority PPD 8,122 13.79
Karim Bianchi Retamales Independent (No list) IND 7,999 13.59
Sandra Amar Mancilla Alianza ILJ 6,581 11.18
Gloria Vilicic Peña Alianza RN 6,541 11.11
Rodrigo Utz Contreras Independent (No list) IND 2,619 4.45
Margarita Novakovic Kalasich Partido Regionalista de los Independientes PRI 545 0.93
Jorge Patricio Ivelic Suarez Partido Regionalista de los Independientes PRI 295 0.50

2017 parliamentary elections

2017 parliamentary elections for deputy of District 28 (Río Verde, Antártica, Laguna Blanca, Natales, Cabo de Hornos, Porvenir, Primavera, Punta Arenas, San Gregorio, Timaukel and Torres del Paine)[47]

Candidate List Party Votes % Results
Gabriel Boric Font Broad Front IND-PH 18,626 32.82 Elected
Sandra Amar Mancilla Chile Vamos IND-UDI 6,871 12.11 Elected
Nicolás Cogler Galindo Chile Vamos RN 4,810 8.47
Juan José Arcos Srdanovic Chile Vamos PRI 4,220 7.43
Karim Bianchi Retamales The Force of the Majority IND-PRSD 4,190 7.38 Elected
Vladimiro Mimica Cárcamo The Force of the Majority IND-PS 3,807 6.71

2021 presidential elections

CandidatePartyFirst roundSecond round
Votes%Votes%
Gabriel Boric FontApruebo Dignidad (CS)1,815,02425.824,620,67155.87
José Antonio KastChristian Social Front (PLR)1,961,77927.913,649,64744.13
Franco ParisiParty of the People900,06412.81
Sebastián SichelChile Podemos Más898,63512.79
Yasna ProvosteNew Social Pact (PDC)815,56311.60
Marco Enríquez-OminamiProgressive Party534,3837.60
Eduardo ArtésPatriotic Union (PC-AP)102,8971.46
Total7,028,345100.008,270,318100.00
Valid votes7,028,34598.798,270,31898.87
Invalid/blank votes85,9731.2194,2161.13
Total votes7,114,318100.008,364,534100.00
Registered voters/turnout15,030,97447.3315,030,97455.65
Source: Election Examining Tribunal (Final results)
Note: First round: Invalid votes: 55,480 (0.79%), blank votes: 30,493 (0.43%).

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ In isolation, Boric is pronounced [ˈboɾitʃ].
  2. ^ Boric will become the youngest state leader in the world when Captain Regent of San Marino Giacomo Simoncini (born 30 November 1994) leaves office. Captains Regent generally serve only six months.
  3. ^ His great-grandfather Ive Borić, his great-grandmother Božica Crnošija, and his great-granduncle Šimo Borić.
  4. ^ Gabriel Boric was 4 years old when Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship ended.

References

  1. ^ "Boric realiza traspaso simbólico de su sede distrital: "Alcanzamos la presidencia sin olvidarnos de dónde venimos"". CNN Chile. 29 December 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Boric: "No me titulé ni estoy pensando en titularme, no me quiero dedicar a ser abogado nunca"". CNN Chile (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  3. ^ Esparza, Robinson (17 November 2011). "Gabriel Boric: El magallánico que quiere desbancar a Camila Vallejo". El Magallanews.cl, Noticias de Punta Arenas y Magallanes (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  4. ^ "Nuevo presidente de la FECh se desmarca de "partidos políticos tradicionales" y critica a Gajardo". LaSegunda.com (in Spanish). 7 December 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  5. ^ "Boric tras vencer en elecciones Fech: 'Los adversarios no están en la universidad, están en el gobierno y el parlamento' – Nacional – LA TERCERA". La Tercera (in Spanish). Grupo Copesa. 7 December 2011. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  6. ^ "Andrés Fielbaum asume presidencia de la FECh". Terra (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 December 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  7. ^ pauta. "Tres momentos de una negociación histórica: el acuerdo constitucional un año después". pauta (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  8. ^ a b "Leftist Gabriel Boric wins Chile presidential election". BBC News. 20 December 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Leftist lawmaker Boric wins polarized election in Chile, to become nation's youngest president". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  10. ^ "Chilean Politician of Croatian Origin Runs for Presidency". Balkan Insight. 5 November 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  11. ^ "Zadarski.hr je u rujnu pronašao rodbinu novog predsjednika Čilea na Ugljanu. Odatle su Borićevi predci prije 124 godine otišli u Južnu Ameriku…". Zadarski.hr (in Croatian).
  12. ^ a b c d e González, C.; Riquelme, C. (21 December 2021). "Su bisabuelo llegó a Magallanes desde Dalmacia hace más de 150 años: El origen croata del Presidente electo, Gabriel Boric". Emol (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  13. ^ "Familia Boric Font" (PDF). laprensaaustral.cl (in Spanish). 13 October 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
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  16. ^ "Bishop Vladimiro Boric Crnosija". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  17. ^ a b "Boric antes de Boric: los años de vida acomodada, poesía e influencia anarco-sindicalista que marcaron su juventud". Interferencia (in Spanish). 31 October 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
  18. ^ Middleton, Javier (23 December 2021). "Simón y Tomás Boric: ésta es la historia de los hermanos del presidente electo". Theclinic.cl.
  19. ^ "The British School : List of alumni" (PDF). Britishschool.cl. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  20. ^ Concha, Luis (7 December 2011). "Gabriel Boric, el "magallánico fundamentalista" de la FECh". Terra (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  21. ^ "La historia del rival de Camila Vallejo". La Tercera (in Spanish). Grupo Copesa. Archived from the original on 13 December 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  22. ^ "El matrimonio, la materia donde tropezó Boric en su examen de grado". El Mercurio. 24 October 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  23. ^ Bazán, Ignacio (14 January 2017). "El retiro de José Zalaquett". La Tercera (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 December 2021.
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