This is a list of the longest-reigning monarchs of all time, detailing the monarchs and lifelong leaders who have reigned the longest in world history, ranked by length of reign.
Twenty-five longest-reigning monarchs of states that were internationally recognized as sovereign for most or all of their reign.
No. | Portrait | Name | State | Reign | Duration | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
From | To | (days) | (years, days) | |||||
1 | Louis XIV | France | 14 May 1643 | 1 September 1715 | 26,407 | 72 years, 110 days | [1] | |
2 | Elizabeth II | 6 February 1952 | 8 September 2022 | 25,782 | 70 years, 214 days[l] | [2][3][4] | ||
3 | Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) |
Thailand | 9 June 1946 | 13 October 2016 | 25,694 | 70 years, 126 days | [5] | |
4 | Johann II | Liechtenstein | 12 November 1858 | 11 February 1929 | 25,658 | 70 years, 91 days | [6] | |
5 | Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II | Kedah (Malaysia) | 15 February 1710 | 23 September 1778 | 25,057 | 68 years, 220 days | ||
6 | Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal I | Palenque (Mexico) | 27 July 615[m] | 29 August 683 | 24,870 | 68 years, 33 days | [7][9] | |
7 | Franz Joseph I |
|
2 December 1848 | 21 November 1916 | 24,825 | 67 years, 355 days | [10] | |
8 | Chan Imix Kʼawiil | Copán (Honduras) | 8 February 628 | 18 June 695 | 24,602 | 67 years, 130 days | [11] | |
9 | Ferdinand III |
|
6 October 1759 | 4 January 1825 | 23,831 | 65 years, 90 days | [12] | |
10 | Victoria | United Kingdom | 20 June 1837 | 22 January 1901 | 23,226 | 63 years, 216 days | [13] | |
11 | James I | Crown of Aragon | 12 September 1213 | 27 July 1276 | 22,964 | 62 years, 319 days | [14] | |
12 | Emperor Shōwa[n] | Japan | 25 December 1926 | 7 January 1989 | 22,659 | 62 years, 13 days | [15] | |
13 | Kangxi Emperor[o] | China | 5 February 1661 | 20 December 1722 | 22,597 | 61 years, 318 days | [16] | |
14 | Honoré III | Monaco | 29 December 1731 | 19 January 1793 | 22,302 | 61 years, 21 days | [17] | |
15 | Itzamnaaj Bahlam III | Yaxchilan (Mexico) | 23 October 681 | 15 June 742 | 22,149 | 60 years, 235 days | [18] | |
16 | Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat | Quiriguá (Guatemala) | 2 January 725 | 31 July 785 | 22,125 | 60 years, 210 days | [19] | |
17 | Qianlong Emperor[p] | China | 18 October 1735 | 9 February 1796[q] | 22,029 | 60 years, 114 days | [20] | |
18 | Christian IV | Denmark–Norway | 4 April 1588 | 28 February 1648 | 21,879 | 59 years, 330 days | [21] | |
19 | George III |
|
25 October 1760 | 29 January 1820 | 21,644 | 59 years, 96 days | [22] | |
20 | Louis XV | France | 1 September 1715 | 10 May 1774 | 21,436 | 58 years, 251 days | [23] | |
21 | Pedro II | Brazil | 7 April 1831 | 15 November 1889 | 21,407 | 58 years, 222 days | [24] | |
22 | Al-Mustansir Billah | Fatimid Caliphate (Egypt) | 13 June 1036[s] | 29 December 1094 | 21,383 | 58 years, 199 days | [25][26] | |
23 | Nicholas I |
|
13 August 1860 | 26 November 1918 | 21,288 | 58 years, 105 days | [29] | |
24 | Wilhelmina | Netherlands | 23 November 1890 | 4 September 1948 | 21,104 | 57 years, 286 days | [30] | |
25 | James VI | Scotland | 24 July 1567 | 27 March 1625 | 21,066 | 57 years, 246 days | [31] |
This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2021) |
The table below contains 100 monarchs of states that were not internationally sovereign for most of their reign.
No. | Portrait | Name | State | Reign | Duration | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
From | To | (days) | (years, days) | |||||
1 | Sobhuza II[t] | Swaziland (British protectorate until 1968) | 10 December 1899 | 21 August 1982 | 30,204 | 82 years, 254 days | [32] | |
2 | Bernhard VII | Lippe (Holy Roman Empire) | 12 August 1429 | 2 April 1511 | 29,818 | 81 years, 234 days | [33] | |
3 | Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo | Chotanagpur (British Raj) | 2 January 1872 | 21 September 1950 | 28,751 | 78 years, 262 days | [34] | |
4 | William IV | Henneberg-Schleusingen (Holy Roman Empire) | 26 May 1480 | 24 January 1559 | 28,731 | 78 years, 243 days | [33] | |
5 | Karansinhji II Vajirajji | Lakhtar State [u] | 15 June 1846 | 8 August 1924 | 28,543 | 78 years, 54 days | [35] | |
6 | Maeda Tsunanori | Kaga Domain (Japan) | 30 April 1645 | 6 May 1723 | 28,494 | 78 years, 6 days | [36] | |
7 | Heinrich XI[v] | Reuss-Obergreiz (Holy Roman Empire) | 17 March 1723 | 28 June 1800 | 28,227 | 77 years, 103 days | [37][38][33] | |
8 | Idris ibni Muhammad al-Qadri, Tunku Besar of Tampin | Tampin (Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia) (part of British Malaya until 1957) | 31 May 1929 | 26 December 2005 | 27,968 | 76 years, 209 days | [33] | |
9 | Christian August | Palatinate-Sulzbach (Holy Roman Empire) | 14 August 1632 | 23 April 1708 | 27,645 | 75 years, 253 days | [33] | |
10 | Bishan Chandra Jenamuni | Rairakhol State [u] | 13 March 1825 | 10 June 1900 | 27,482 | 75 years, 89 days | [39] | |
11 | Charles I | Eu (France) | 16 June 1397 | 25 July 1472 | 27,432 | 75 years, 39 days | [40] | |
12 | Mudhoji IV Rao Naik Nimbalkar | Phaltan State [u] | 7 December 1841 | 17 October 1916 | 27,342 | 74 years, 315 days | [33] | |
13 | Bhagvatsingh Sahib | Gondal State (British Raj) | 14 December 1869 | 10 March 1944 | 27,114 | 74 years, 87 days | [33] | |
14 | George William | Schaumburg-Lippe [w][x] | 13 February 1787 | 21 November 1860 | 26,944 | 73 years, 282 days | [33] | |
15 | Charles Frederick | Baden (Holy Roman Empire until 1806) | 12 May 1738 | 10 June 1811 | 26,691 | 73 years, 29 days | [33] | |
16 | Catherine | Eu (France) | 13 February 1561 | 11 May 1633 | 26,385 | 72 years, 87 days | ||
17 | John III Louis | Nassau-Saarbrücken (Holy Roman Empire) | 19 October 1472 | 4 June 1545 | 26,525 | 72 years, 228 days[y] | ||
18 | Itō Nagatomo | Okada Domain (Japan) | 24 July 1778 | 19 July 1850 | 26,292 | 71 years, 360 days | ||
19 | Henry Frederick | Hohenlohe-Langenburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 29 January 1628 | 5 August 1699 | 26,121 | 71 years, 188 days | [41] | |
20 | Jagatjit Singh Bahadur | Kapurthala State (British Raj) | 3 September 1877 | 20 August 1948 | 25,918 | 70 years, 352 days[z] | [41] | |
21 | Parashuramrao Shrinivas | Aundh State (British India) | 30 August 1777 | 11 June 1848 | 25,852 | 70 years, 286 days | [41] | |
22 | Franz Karl | Fürstenberg-Donaueschingen (Holy Roman Empire) | 15 November 1627 | 19 July 1698 | 25,814 | 70 years, 246 days | [41] | |
23 | Werner | Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (Holy Roman Empire) | 31 October 1559 | 26 December 1629 | 25,624 | 70 years, 56 days | [43] | |
24 | Carl I August | Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach[aa] | 28 May 1758 | 14 June 1828 | 25,584 | 70 years, 17 days | [41] | |
25 | Colonel Jai Chandra VI Katoch | Kangra-Lambagraon (British Raj) | 14 February 1864 | 26 November 1933 | 25,487 | 69 years, 285 days | [44] | |
26 | Georg I | Anhalt-Dessau (Holy Roman Empire) | 19 January 1405 | 21 September 1474 | 25,447 | 69 years, 245 days | [45] | |
27 | Alberico I | Massa and Carrara (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 June 1553 | 18 January 1623 | 25,428 | 69 years, 226 days | [41] | |
28 | Heinrich Joseph Johann | Principality of Auersperg (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 November 1713 | 9 February 1783 | 25,297 | 69 years, 95 days | [41] | |
29 | Frederick III | Inner Austria (Holy Roman Empire) | 10 June 1424 | 19 August 1493 | 25,272 | 69 years, 70 days | [41] | |
30 | George William | Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (Holy Roman Empire) | 16 December 1600 | 25 December 1669 | 25,211 | 69 years, 9 days | [46] | |
31 | Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne | Duchy of Bouillon (Holy Roman Empire) | 9 August 1652 | 26 July 1721 | 25,187 | 68 years, 351 days | [47] | |
32 | Frederick V | Hesse-Homburg [ab] | 7 February 1751 | 20 January 1820 | 25,183 | 68 years, 347 days | [41] | |
33 | Vikramatji Khimojiraj | Porbandar State[u] | 20 June 1831 | 21 April 1900 | 25,142 | 68 years, 305 days | [41] | |
34 | Krishnaraja Wadiyar III | Kingdom of Mysore (Princely State of East India Company after 1831; British Raj after 1857) | 30 June 1799 | 27 March 1868 | 25,107 | 68 years, 271 days | [41][48] | |
36 | Chintaman Rao I Appa Sahib | Sangli State (British India) | 6 November 1782 | 15 July 1851 | 25,087 | 68 years, 251 days | [49] | |
36 | Johann Friedrich | Castell-Rüdenhausen (Holy Roman Empire) | 10 January 1681 | 23 June 1749 | 25,000 | 68 years, 164 days | [41] | |
37 | Otto VI the One-Eyed | Brunswick-Göttingen (Holy Roman Empire) | 13 November 1394 | 6 February 1463 | 24,921 | 68 years, 85 days | [50] | |
38 | Sawant Singh | Pratapgarh State (British India) | 26 October 1775 | 5 January 1844 | 24,907 | 68 years, 71 days | [41] | |
39 | Christian Karl Reinhard | Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 3 November 1698 | 17 November 1766 | 24,850 | 68 years, 14 days | [46] | |
40 | Raja Ram Singh | Bundi State [u] | 14 May 1821 | 28 March 1889 | 24,790 | 67 years, 318 days | [46] | |
41 | Malietoa Tanumafili II | Samoa | 5 July 1939 | 11 May 2007 | 24,782 | 67 years, 310 days | [46] | |
42 | Vakhatsinhji Meghrajji | Vallabhipura State (British Raj) | 20 August 1875 | 5 June 1943 | 24,760 | 67 years, 289 days | [51] | |
43 | Philip I[ac] | Lippe-Alverdissen (1613-1640) Schaumburg-Lippe (1640-1681) (Holy Roman Empire) |
7 December 1613 | 10 April 1681 | 24,596 | 67 years, 124 days | [52][53] | |
44 | Henry III | Margraviate of Meissen (Holy Roman Empire) | 18 January 1221 | 15 February 1288 | 24,499 | 67 years, 28 days | [46] | |
45 | Eberhard IV | Arenberg (Holy Roman Empire) | 15 November 1387 | 12 November 1454 | 24,468 | 66 years, 362 days | [54] | |
46 | Eleanor[ad] | Aquitaine (France) | 9 April 1137 | 1 April 1204 | 24,464 | 66 years, 358 days | [46] | |
47 | Sulaiman Sharif ul-'Alam Shah | Sultanate of Serdang (part of Dutch East Indies until 1945 and part of Indonesia since 1945) | 20 December 1879 | 16 October 1946 | 24,406 | 66 years, 300 days | [46] | |
48 | Augustus | Anhalt-Plötzkau (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 December 1586 | 22 August 1653 | 24,366 | 66 years, 259 days | [55] | |
49 | Amarsinhji Banesinhji[ae] | Wankaner State (British Raj) | 12 June 1881 | 15 February 1948 | 24,353 | 66 years, 248 days | [46] | |
50 | Khengarji III | Cutch (British Raj) | 19 December 1875 | 15 January 1942 | 24,133 | 66 years, 27 days | [46] | |
51 | Raja Raj Ram Singh I | Sitamau State [u] | 15 February 1802 | 28 November 1867 | 24,027 | 65 years, 286 days | [56] | |
52 | William IV the Victorious | Brunswick-Luneburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 14 October 1416 | 25 July 1482 | 24,025 | 65 years, 284 days | [57] | |
53 | Leopold III | Anhalt-Dessau (Holy Roman Empire) | 16 December 1751 | 9 August 1817 | 23,977 | 65 years, 236 days | [46] | |
54 | Makino Tadakiyo | Nagaoka Domain (Japan) | 5 August 1766 | 17 August 1831 | 23,752 | 65 years, 12 days | [58] | |
55 | Obizzo I | Este and Ferrara (Holy Roman Empire) | 15 December 1128 | 25 December 1193 | 23,751 | 65 years, 10 days | [59] | |
56 | Jean I | Duchy of Brittany (France) | 21 October 1221 | 8 October 1286 | 23,728 | 64 years, 352 days | [46] | |
57 | Frederick William | Hohenzollern-Hechingen (Holy Roman Empire) | 13 January 1671 | 14 November 1735 | 23,680 | 64 years, 305 days | [46] | |
58 | Johann Seyfried | Eggenberg (Holy Roman Empire) | 19 February 1649 | 5 October 1713 | 23,603 | 64 years, 228 days | [60] | |
59 | Gangadhar Rao III Bala Sahib Patwardhan | Miraj Senior (British Raj) | 6 June 1875 | 11 December 1939 | 23,563 | 64 years, 188 days | [61] | |
60 | Marie II | County of Soissons (France) | 25 October 1482 | 1 April 1547 | 23,533 | 64 years, 158 days | [62] | |
61 | Vishwanath Singh Bahadur | Chhatarpur State (British Raj) | 4 November 1867 | 4 April 1932 | 23,527 | 64 years, 152 days | [63] | |
62 | Friedrich II Magnus | Salm-Neuweiler (Holy Roman Empire) | 26 October 1608 | 25 January 1673 | 23,467 | 64 years, 91 days | [46] | |
63 | Albert V | Anhalt-Dessau (Holy Roman Empire) | 19 January 1405 | 19 January 1469 | 23,376 | 64 years, 0 days | [45] | |
64 | Ibrahim | Johor, Malaysia (part of British Malaya until 1957) | 4 June 1895 | 8 May 1959 | 23,348 | 63 years, 338 days | [46] | |
65 | Raja Rampalji Bahadur | Kutlehar State (British Raj) | 15 January 1864 | 22 November 1927 | 23,321 | 63 years, 311 days | [64][65] | |
66 | Ranjore Singh | Ajaigarh State [u] | 12 September 1855 | 7 June 1919 | 23,278 | 63 years, 268 days | [66] | |
67 | Sayajirao Gaekwad III | Baroda State (British Raj) | 27 May 1875 | 6 February 1939 | 23,265 | 63 years, 256 days | [46] | |
68 | Albert Anton | Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Holy Roman Empire) | 4 November 1646 | 24 June 1710 | 23,242 | 63 years, 232 days | [46] | |
69 | Anthony Günther | Duchy of Oldenburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 12 November 1603 | 19 June 1667 | 23,230 | 63 years, 219 days | [46] | |
70 | Frederick Augustus I[af] | Saxony[ag] | 17 December 1763 | 5 May 1827 | 23,149 | 63 years, 139 days | [46] | |
71 | Ludwig I[ah] | Principality of Anhalt (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 December 1586 | 7 January 1650 | 23,043 | 63 years, 32 days | [67] | |
72 | Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa | Bahrain[ai] | 1 December 1869 | 9 December 1932 [aj] | 23,018 | 63 years, 8 days | [46] | |
73 | Charles III | Upper Lorraine (Holy Roman Empire) | 12 June 1545 | 14 May 1608 | 22,982 | 62 years, 337 days | [46] | |
74 | Johann Friedrich II | Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen (Holy Roman Empire) | 17 October 1702 | 24 August 1765 | 22,957 | 62 years, 311 days | [46] | |
75 | Philipp Ernst | Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (Holy Roman Empire) | 21 February 1697 | 29 November 1759 | 22,925 | 62 years, 281 days | [46] | |
76 | Bernhard II | Saxe-Meiningen[ak] | 24 December 1803 | 20 September 1866 | 22,916 | 62 years, 270 days | [46] | |
77 | Philip II | Nassau-Weilburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 2 July 1429 | 19 March 1492 | 22,906 | 62 years, 261 days[al] | [46] | |
78 | Nicolas Leopold I [de] | Salm-Hoogstraat (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 June 1707 | 4 February 1770 | 22,889 | 62 years, 243 days | [46] | |
79 | Christian II[am] | Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (Holy Roman Empire) | 16 September 1654 | 25 April 1717 | 22,866 | 62 years, 221 days | ||
80 | Léopold Philippe | Arenberg (Holy Roman Empire) | 19 August 1691 | 4 March 1754 | 22,842 | 62 years, 197 days | [46] | |
81 | Hafiz Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan Bahadur | Tonk State (British Raj) | 20 December 1867 | 23 June 1930 | 22,830 | 62 years, 185 days | [46] | |
82 | Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi | Ras Al Khaimah (United Arab Emirates) | 17 July 1948 | 27 October 2010 | 22,747 | 62 years, 102 days | [46] | |
83 | Hosokawa Tsunatoshi | Kumamoto Domain (Japan) | 18 April 1650 | 11 July 1712 | 22,729 | 62 years, 84 days | ||
84 | Nahar Singh | Shahpura State (British Raj) | 21 April 1870 | 24 June 1932 | 22,709 | 62 years, 64 days | [46] | |
85 | Gopal Lal | Kamta-Rajaula State [u] | 29 November 1812 | 23 October 1874 | 22,608 | 61 years, 328 days | [68] | |
86 | Johann Christian I | Eggenberg (Holy Roman Empire) | 19 February 1649 | 14 December 1710 | 22,577 | 61 years, 298 days | [citation needed] | |
87 | Tuanku Abdul Hamid Halim Shah | Kedah Kedah Sultanate (British Malaya) | 22 September 1881 | 13 May 1943 | 22,512 | 61 years, 233 days | [46] | |
88 | Philipp IV | Waldeck-Wildungen (Holy Roman Empire) | 28 May 1513 | 30 November 1574 | 22,466 | 61 years, 186 days | [46] | |
89 | Wakhat Singh Dalil Singh | Lunavada State (British Raj) | 31 October 1867 | 27 April 1929 | 22,458 | 61 years, 178 days | [46] | |
90 | Paku Alam VIII | Pakualaman (part of Dutch East Indies until 1945 and part of Indonesia since 1945) | 12 April 1937 | 11 September 1998 | 22,432 | 61 years, 152 days | [46] | |
91 | Victor Amadeus | Anhalt-Bernburg (Holy Roman Empire) | 22 September 1656 | 14 February 1718 | 22,424 | 61 years, 145 days | [46] | |
92 | Lakshman Singh, Maharawal of Banswara | Banswara State[u] | 2 February 1844 | 29 April 1905 | 22,366 | 61 years, 86 days | [citation needed] | |
93 | Ulrich V | Württemberg-Stuttgart (Holy Roman Empire) | 2 July 1419 | 1 September 1480 | 22,342 | 61 years, 61 days[an] | ||
94 | Ranbir Singh | Jind State (British Raj) | 7 March 1887 | 31 March 1948 | 22,304 | 61 years, 24 days[ao] | [citation needed] | |
95 | Ernest Louis | Hesse-Darmstadt (Holy Roman Empire) | 31 August 1678 | 12 September 1739 | 22,291 | 61 years, 12 days | [46] | |
96 | Johann Friedrich I | Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen (Holy Roman Empire) | 11 October 1641 | 17 October 1702 | 22,285 | 61 years, 6 days | [46] | |
97 | Wilhelm Moritz II | Isenburg-Philippseich (Holy Roman Empire) | 8 June 1711 | 7 March 1772 | 22,280 | 60 years, 365 days | [46] | |
98 | Christian Ernest | Stolberg-Wernigerode (Holy Roman Empire) | 9 November 1710 | 25 October 1771 | 22,265 | 60 years, 350 days | [46] | |
99 | Adolf III | Schauenburg and Holstein (Holy Roman Empire) | 6 July 1164 | 3 January 1225 | 22,096 | 60 years, 181 days | [46] | |
100 | Leopold Louis | Palatinate-Veldenz (Holy Roman Empire) | 3 June 1634 | 29 September 1694 | 22,033 | 60 years, 118 days |
These monarchs are grouped according to length of reign by year in whole numbers. Within each year-grouping, they appear in historical order. In a given year, there may have been a wide array of actual reign lengths based on days. Thus, this table does not present a precise ranking by length of reign. The list is limited to those that might reasonably be expected to lie within the range of those in the tables above, at minimum 57 years. The list is sorted alphabetically. Emphasised states were sovereign. Japanese legendary emperors, according to the ancient Japanese calendar, reigned for very long terms of 60–70 years each. The longest ruler of the legendary emperors, Emperor Kōan, was claimed to have reigned for about 101 years. These figures are not included in the table because they are regarded as inaccurate by modern scholars. For those, see Longevity myths.
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