In the explanations below, (PD) indicates trades completed prior to the start of the draft (i.e. Pre-Draft), while (D) denotes trades that took place during the 2023 draft.
Round one
^No. 1: Chicago → Carolina (PD). Chicago traded its first-round selection (1st) to Carolina in exchange for WR D. J. Moore, Carolina's first and second-round selections (9th and 61st), first-round selection in 2024 and second-round selection in 2025.[Trade 1]
^No. 3: Arizona → Houston (D). Arizona traded its first- and fourth-round selections (3rd and 105th overall) to Houston in exchange for first- and second-round selections (12th and 33rd overall), and 2024 first- and third-round selections.[Trade 2]
^No. 5: Denver → Seattle (PD). Denver traded Drew Lock, Shelby Harris, Noah Fant, first and second-round selections, and 2022 first, second, and fifth-round selections to Seattle in exchange for Russell Wilson and a 2022 fourth-round selection.[Trade 3]
^No. 6: LA Rams → Detroit → Arizona. Multiple trades: LA Rams → Detroit (PD). The Rams traded their first-round selection as well as their 2021 third-round and 2022 first-round selections, and quarterback Jared Goff to Detroit in exchange for quarterback Matthew Stafford.[Trade 4] Detroit → Arizona (D). Detroit traded its first- and third-round selections (6th and 81st overall) to Arizona in exchange for first-, second-, and fifth-round selections (12th, 34th, and 168th overall).[Trade 5]
^No. 9: Carolina → Chicago → Philadelphia. Multiple trades: Carolina → Chicago (PD). See No. 1: Chicago → Carolina.[Trade 1] Chicago → Philadelphia (D). Chicago traded this first-round selection (9th) to Philadelphia in exchange for the Eagles' first-round selection (10th) and fourth-round selection in 2024[3].
^No.10: New Orleans → Philadelphia → Chicago. Multiple trades: New Orleans → Philadelphia (PD). New Orleans traded a first-round selection, as well as 2022 first, third, and seventh-round selections, and a 2024 second-round selection to Philadelphia in exchange for two 2022 first-round selections and a sixth-round selection.[Trade 6] Philadelphia → Chicago (D). See No. 9: Chicago → Philadelphia
^No.12: Cleveland → Houston → Arizona → Detroit. Multiple trades: Cleveland → Houston (PD). Cleveland traded first and third-round selections to Houston alongside 2022 and 2024 first and fourth-round selections in exchange for quarterback Deshaun Watson and a 2024 sixth-round selection.[Trade 7] Houston → Arizona (D). See No. 3: Arizona → Houston Arizona → Detroit (D). See No. 6: Detroit → Arizona
^No. 13: NY Jets → Green Bay (PD). The Jets traded 2023 first, second, sixth round and conditional 2024 second round to Green Bay for quarterback Aaron Rodgers and 2023 first and fifth round selections.[Trade 8]
^No. 14: New England → Pittsburgh (D). New England traded its first-round selection (14th) to Pittsburgh in exchange for Pittsburgh's first- and fourth-round selections (17th and 120th overall).[Trade 9]
^No. 24: Jacksonville → N.Y. Giants (D). Jacksonville traded its first-round selection (24th) to the N.Y. Giants in exchange for the Giants' first-, fifth- and seventh-round selections (25th, 160th and 240th)[5].
^No. 25: N.Y. Giants → Jacksonville → Buffalo. Multiple trades: N.Y. Giants → Jacksonville (D). See No. 24: Jacksonville → N.Y. Giants Jacksonville → Buffalo (D). Jacksonville traded the first-round selection received from the Giants (25th) to Buffalo in exchange for Buffalo's first- and fourth-round selections (27th and 130th)[6]
^No. 29: San Francisco → Miami → Denver → New Orleans. Multiple trades: San Francisco → Miami (PD). San Francisco traded its first-round selection, a 2021 first-round selection, and its 2022 first and third-round selections, in exchange for one of Miami's 2021 first-round selections.[Trade 10] Miami → Denver (PD). Miami traded San Francisco's selection, a 2024 fourth-round selection, and running back Chase Edmonds to Denver in exchange for Bradley Chubb and a 2025 fifth-round selection.[Trade 11][7] Denver → New Orleans (PD). Denver traded San Francisco's selection and a 2024 second-round selection to New Orleans in exchange for the coaching rights to Saints head coach Sean Payton and a 2024 third-round selection.[8]
Round two
^No. 32: Chicago → Pittsburgh (PD). Chicago traded its second-round selection to Pittsburgh in exchange for wide receiver Chase Claypool.[Trade 12]
^No. 33: Houston → Arizona → Tennessee. Multiple trades: Houston → Arizona (D). See No. 3: Arizona → Houston Arizona → Tennessee (D). Arizona traded this second- and a third-round selection (33rd and 81st) to Tennessee in exchange for Tennessee's second- and third-round selections (41st and 72nd) and a third-round selection in 2024[9]
^No. 35: Indianapolis → Las Vegas (D). Indianapolis traded its second-round selection (35th) to Las Vegas in exchange for Las Vegas' second- and fifth-round selections (38th and 141st)[10].
^No. 38: Las Vegas → Indianapolis → Atlanta. Multiple trades: Las Vegas → Indianapolis (D). See No. 35: Indianapolis → Las Vegas Indianapolis → Atlanta (D). Indianapolis traded the second-round selection received from Las Vegas (38th) to Atlanta in exchange for Atlanta's second- and fourth-round selections (44th and 110th)[11]
^No. 42: Cleveland → NY Jets (PD) -> Green Bay (PD). Multiple trades: Cleveland → NY Jets (PD). Cleveland traded its second-round selection to the Jets in exchange for wide receiver Elijah Moore and a third-round selection.[Trade 13] NY Jets → Green Bay (PD) See No. 13: NY Jets → Green Bay.[Trade 8]
^No. 45: Green Bay → Detroit (D). Green Bay traded its second-round selection (45th) to Detroit in exchange for Detroit's second- and fifth-round selections (48th and 159th)[12].
^No. 48: Detroit → Green Bay → Tampa Bay. Multiple trades: Detroit → Green Bay (D). See No. 45: Green Bay → Detroit Green Bay → Tampa Bay (D). Green Bay traded the second-round selection received from Detroit (45th) to Tampa Bay in exchange for Tampa Bay's second- and sixth-round selections (50th and 179th)[13]
^No. 53: Baltimore → Chicago (PD). Chicago traded LB Roquan Smith to Baltimore in exchange for Baltimore's second and fifth-round selections (53rd and 158th) and LB A. J. Klein.[Trade 14]
^No. 55: Minnesota → Detroit → Kansas City. Multiple trades: Minnesota → Detroit (PD). Minnesota traded a second-round selection and 2024 third-round selection to Detroit in exchange for tight end T. J. Hockenson, a fourth-round selection, and a conditional 2024 fourth-round selection.[Trade 15] Detroit → Kansas City (D). Detroit traded the second-round selection received from Minnesota and its sixth-round selection (55th and 194th) to Kansas City in exchange for Kansas City's second-, fourth- and seventh-round selections (63rd, 122nd and 249th)[14]
^No. 56: Jacksonville → Chicago (D). Jacksonville traded its second-round selection (56th) to Chicago in exchange for Chicago's second- and fifth-round selections (61st and 136th)[15].
^No. 61: San Francisco → Carolina → Chicago → Jacksonville (D). Multiple trades: San Francisco → Carolina (PD). San Francisco traded second, third, and fourth-round selections (61st, 93rd and 132nd) and a 2024 fifth-round selection to Carolina in exchange for running back Christian McCaffrey.[Trade 16] Carolina → Chicago (PD). See No. 1: Chicago → Carolina.[Trade 1] Chicago → Jacksonville (D). See No. 56: Jacksonville → Chicago.
^No. 62: Philadelphia → Houston (D). Philadelphia traded its second-round selection (62nd) to Houston in exchange for Houston's sixth- and seventh-round selections (188th and 230th).[Trade 17]
^No. 63: Kansas City → Detroit → Denver. Multiple trades: Kansas City → Detroit (D). See No. 55: Detroit → Kansas City Detroit → Denver (D). Detroit traded second- and sixth-round selections (55th and 183rd) to Denver in exchange for Denver's third- and fifth-round selections (68th and 138th)[16]
^No. 66: Arizona → Philadelphia (PD). Arizona traded its third-round selection (66th) to Philadelphia in exchange for Philadelphia's third-round selection (94th) and a fifth-round selection in 2024. The trade also settled Philadelphia's outstanding complaint regarding Arizona's hiring of Eagles' DC Jonathan Gannon as HC.[Trade 18]
^No. 67: Indianapolis → Denver (PD) Indianapolis traded a third-round selection (67th) and a 2022 fifth-round selection to Denver in exchange for Denver's 2022 third-round selection.[Trade 19]
^No. 69: L.A. Rams → Houston (D). L.A. Rams traded its third- and sixth-round selections (69th and 191st) to Houston in exchange for Houston's third- and fifth-round selections (73rd and 161st).[Trade 20]
^No. 76: Carolina → New England (PD). Carolina traded a third-round selection (76th) and a fourth-round selection in 2022 to New England in exchange for a 2022 third-round selection.[Trade 21]
^No. 77: New England → Miami → LA Rams. Multiple trades: New England → Miami (PD). New England traded a third-round selection (77th) to Miami in exchange for WR DeVante Parker and a 2022 fifth-round selection.[Trade 22] Miami → LA Rams (PD). Miami traded TE Hunter Long and a third-round selection (77th) to the L.A. Rams in exchange for CB Jalen Ramsey.[Trade 23]
^No. 79: Washington → Indianapolis (PD). Washington traded a conditional third-round selection and 2022 second and third-round selections to Indianapolis in exchange for quarterback Carson Wentz, and 2022 second and seventh-round selections.[Trade 24]
^No. 80: Pittsburgh → Carolina (D). Pittsburgh traded its third-round selection (80th) to Carolina in exchange for Carolina's third- and fourth-round selections (93rd and 132nd)[18].
^No. 83: Seattle → Denver (D). Seattle traded its third-round selection (83rd) to Denver in exchange for Denver's fourth-round selection (108th) and third-round selection in 2024[19].
^No. 87: Minnesota → San Francisco (D). Minnesota traded its third-round selection (87th) to San Francisco in exchange for San Francisco's third-, fifth- and seventh-round selections (102nd, 164th and 222nd)[20].
^No. 92: Cincinnati → Kansas City (D). Cincinnati traded its third-round selection (92nd) to Kansas City in exchange for Kansas City's third- and sixth-round selections (95th and 217th)[21].
^No. 96: Arizona → Detroit (D). Arizona traded a third-round selection (96th) to Detroit in exchange for Detroit's fourth- and two fifth-round selections (122nd, 139th and 168th)[22].
^No. 100: Kansas City → NY Giants → Las Vegas. Multiple trades: Kansas City → NY Giants (PD). The Giants traded WR Kadarius Toney to Kansas City in exchange for a third-round compensatory selection and a sixth-round selection (100th and 209th).[Trade 25] NY Giants → Las Vegas (PD). Las Vegas traded TE Darren Waller to the Giants in exchange for a third-round compensatory selection (100th).[Trade 26]
^No. 103: Chicago → New Orleans (D). Chicago traded its fourth-round selection (103rd) to New Orleans in exchange for New Orleans' fourth- and fifth-round selection (115th and 165th)[29].
^No. 104: Houston → Las Vegas (D). Houston traded its fourth- and sixth-round selections (104th and 203rd) to Las Vegas in exchange for Las Vegas' fourth- and fifth-round selection (109th and 174th)[30].
^No. 105: Arizona → Houston → Philadelphia. Multiple trades: Arizona → Houston (D). See See No. 3: Arizona → Houston Houston → Philadelphia (D). Houston traded this fourth-round selection (105th) to Philadelphia in exchange for Philadelphia's third-round selection in 2024.[31].
^No. 107: L.A. Rams → New England (PD). L.A. Rams traded a fourth-round selection (107th) and a 2022 sixth-round selection to New England in exchange for RB Sony Michel.[Trade 27]
^No. 110: Tennessee → Atlanta → Indianapolis. Multiple trades: Tennessee → Atlanta (PD). Tennessee traded a fourth-round selection (110th) and a second-round selection in 2022 to Atlanta in exchange for WR Julio Jones and a sixth-round selection (186th).[Trade 28] Atlanta → Indianapolis (D). See No. 38: Indianapolis → Atlanta.
^No. 112: N.Y. Jets → New England (D). N.Y. Jets traded its fourth-round selection (112th) to New England in exchange for New England's fourth- and sixth-round selections (120th and 184th)[32].
^No. 121: Tampa Bay → Jacksonville (PD). Tampa Bay traded a fourth-round selection to Jacksonville in exchange for 2022 fifth and seventh-round selections.[Trade 29]
^No. 122: Miami → Kansas City (PD). Miami traded fourth and sixth-round selections, and 2022 first, second, and fourth-round selections to Kansas City in exchange for wide receiver Tyreek Hill.[Trade 30]
^No. 126: Minnesota → Cleveland (PD). Minnesota traded a fourth-round selection and a 2022 fifth-round selection to Cleveland in exchange for a 2022 fourth-round selection.[Trade 31]
^No. 127: Jacksonville → New Orleans (D). Jacksonville traded a fourth-round selection to New Orleans in exchange for a seventh-round selection (No. 227) and a 2024 fourth-round selection.[Trade 32]
^No. 133: Philadelphia → Chicago (PD). Philadelphia traded a fourth-round selection to Chicago in exchange for defensive end Robert Quinn.[Trade 33]
^No. 135: New England → Las Vegas (D). New England traded a fourth-round selection to Las Vegas in exchange for a fifth-round selection (No. 144) and a sixth-round selection (No. 214).[Trade 34]
Round five
^No. 137: Arizona → Buffalo (PD). Arizona traded a fifth-round selection to Buffalo in exchange for offensive lineman Cody Ford.[Trade 35]
^No. 140: LA Rams → Cleveland (PD). The Rams traded a fifth-round selection to Cleveland in exchange for cornerback Troy Hill.[Trade 36]
^No. 144: Atlanta → Las Vegas (PD). Atlanta traded a fifth-round selection to Las Vegas in exchange for wide receiver Bryan Edwards and a seventh-round selection.[Trade 37]
^No. 148: New England → Baltimore → Chicago. Multiple trades: New England → Baltimore (PD). New England traded a fifth-round selection and a 2022 seventh-round selection to Baltimore in exchange for cornerback Shaun Wade.[Trade 38] Baltimore → Chicago (PD). See No. 53: Baltimore → Chicago.[Trade 14]
^No. 151: Pittsburgh → Seattle (PD). Pittsburgh traded a fifth-round selection to Seattle in exchange for cornerback Ahkello Witherspoon.[Trade 39]
^No. 155: Miami → San Francisco (PD). Miami traded a fifth-round selection to San Francisco in exchange for running back Jeff Wilson.[Trade 40]
^No. 159: Jacksonville → Atlanta → Detroit. Multiple trades: Jacksonville → Atlanta (PD). Jacksonville traded a fifth-round selection and a conditional 2024 fourth-round selection to Atlanta in exchange for wide receiver Calvin Ridley.[Trade 41] Atlanta → Detroit (PD). Atlanta traded a fifth-round selection to Detroit in exchange for cornerback Jeff Okudah.[Trade 42]
^No. 161: Dallas → Houston → Los Angeles Rams. Multiple trades: Dallas → Houston (PD). Dallas traded a fifth-round selection and a 2024 sixth-round selection to Houston in exchange for wide receiver Brandin Cooks.[Trade 43] Houston → Los Angeles Rams (D). See No. 69: Los Angeles Rams → Houston[Trade 20]
^No. 162: Buffalo → Indianapolis (PD). Buffalo traded a fifth-round selection and running back Zack Moss to Indianapolis in exchange for running back Nyheim Hines.[Trade 44]
^No. 165: Philadelphia → New Orleans (PD). Philadelphia traded a fifth-round selection and a 2024 sixth-round pick to New Orleans in exchange for safety C. J. Gardner-Johnson and a 2025 seventh-round selection.[Trade 45]
^No. 176: Dallas → Indianapolis (PD). Dallas traded a fifth-round compensatory selection to Indianapolis in exchange for cornerback Stephon Gilmore.[Trade 46]
Round six
^No. 178: Chicago → Miami → Kansas City. Multiple trades: Chicago → Miami (PD). Chicago traded a sixth-round selection to Miami in exchange for wide receiver Jakeem Grant.[Trade 47] Miami → Kansas City (PD). See No. 122: Miami → Kansas City.[Trade 30]
^No. 179: Houston → Tampa Bay (PD). Houston traded a sixth-round selection to Tampa Bay in exchange for guard Shaq Mason and a seventh-round pick.[Trade 48]
^No. 181: Indianapolis → Tampa Bay (PD). Indianapolis traded a sixth-round selection to Tampa Bay in exchange for linebacker Grant Stuard and a seventh-round pick.[Trade 49]
^No. 183: Denver → Detroit (PD). Denver traded Trinity Benson and a 2023 sixth-round selection to Detroit for 2022 fifth and seventh-round selections.[Trade 50]
^No. 184: Las Vegas → New England (PD). Las Vegas traded a sixth-round selection to New England in exchange for quarterback Jarrett Stidham and a seventh round pick.[Trade 51]
^No. 185: NY Jets → Jacksonville (PD). The Jets traded a sixth-round selection to Jacksonville in exchange for running back James Robinson.[Trade 52]
^No. 187: Carolina → New England (PD). Carolina traded a sixth-round selection to New England in exchange for cornerback Stephon Gilmore.[Trade 53]
^No.188: New Orleans → Houston → Philadelphia. Multiple trades: New Orleans → Houston (PD). New Orleans traded a sixth-round selection and a 2022 third-round selection to Houston in exchange for cornerback Bradley Roby.[Trade 54] Houston → Philadelphia (D). See No. 62: Philadelphia → Houston.[Trade 17]
^No. 189: Tennessee → LA Rams (PD). Tennessee traded a sixth-round selection to the Rams in exchange for wide receiver Robert Woods.[Trade 55]
^No. 191: Green Bay → LA Rams → Houston → Philadelphia → Tampa Bay. Multiple trades: Green Bay → LA Rams (PD). Green Bay traded a sixth-round selection to the Rams in exchange for punter Corey Bojorquez and a seventh-round selection.[Trade 56] Los Angeles Rams → Houston (D). See No. 69: Los Angeles Rams → Houston[Trade 20] Houston → Philadelphia (D). Philadelphia traded two seventh-round selections (Nos. 230 and 248) to Houston in exchange for a sixth-round selection (No. 191).[Trade 57] Philadelphia → Tampa Bay (D). Philadelphia traded pick 191 to Tampa Bay in exchange for a 2024 fifth-round selection.[Trade 58]
^No. 195: Pittsburgh → Denver (PD). Pittsburgh traded a sixth-round selection to Denver in exchange for linebacker Malik Reed and a seventh-round selection.[Trade 59]
^No. 200: LA Chargers → Chicago → LA Chargers. Multiple trades: LA Chargers → Chicago (PD). The Chargers traded a sixth-round selection as well as a 2022 second-round selection to Chicago in exchange for outside linebacker Khalil Mack.[Trade 60] Chicago → LA Chargers (PD). Chicago traded the sixth-round selection back to the Chargers in exchange for two 2022 seventh-round selections. See 2022 No. 254: LA Chargers → Chicago.[Trade 61]
^No. 201: Minnesota → Houston (PD). Minnesota traded a sixth-round selection to Houston in exchange for defensive end Ross Blacklock and a seventh-round selection.[Trade 62]
^No. 203: NY Giants → Houston (PD). The Giants traded a sixth-round selection to Houston in exchange for cornerback Keion Crossen.[Trade 63]
^No. 204: Dallas → Las Vegas (PD). Dallas traded a sixth-round selection to Las Vegas in exchange for defensive tackle Johnathan Hankins and a 2024 seventh-round selection.[Trade 64]
^No. 205: Buffalo → Houston (D). Houston traded a seventh-round selection (No. 230) and a 2024 sixth-round selection to Buffalo in exchange for a sixth-round selection.[Trade 65]
^No. 207: San Francisco → Houston → NY Jets → Green Bay. Multiple trades: San Francisco → Houston (PD). San Francisco traded a sixth-round selection to Houston in exchange for defensive end Charles Omenihu.[Trade 66] Houston → NY Jets (PD). Houston traded a sixth-round selection to the Jets in exchange for linebacker Blake Cashman.[Trade 67] NY Jets → Green Bay (PD). See No. 13: NY Jets → Green Bay.[Trade 8]
^No. 208: Philadelphia → Jacksonville (PD). Philadelphia traded a sixth-round selection as well as cornerback Jameson Houston to Jacksonville in exchange for cornerback Josiah Scott.[Trade 68]
^No. 219: Houston → Minnesota → Philadelphia. Multiple trades: Houston → Minnesota (PD). See Round 6: Minnesota → Houston.[Trade 62] Minnesota → Philadelphia (PD). Minnesota traded Houston's seventh-round selection and a conditional 2024 fourth-round selection to Philadelphia in exchange for wide receiver Jalen Reagor.[Trade 69]
^No. 220: Arizona → Las Vegas (PD). Arizona traded a seventh-round selection to Las Vegas in exchange for cornerback Trayvon Mullen. This selection could become a sixth-round selection if Mullen was active for 10 or more games in 2022 for Arizona.[Trade 70]
^No. 222: Denver → San Francisco (PD). Denver traded a seventh-round selection and a 2022 sixth-round selection to San Francisco in exchange for linebacker Jonas Griffith and a 2022 seventh-round selection.[Trade 71]
^No. 225: Carolina → Jacksonville (PD). Carolina traded a seventh-round selection and a 2024 sixth-round selection to Jacksonville in exchange for wide receiver Laviska Shenault.[Trade 72]
^No. 234: Pittsburgh → LA Rams (PD). Pittsburgh traded a seventh-round selection to the Rams in exchange for wide receiver Allen Robinson and a seventh-round selection.[Trade 74]
^No. 235: Detroit → LA Rams → Green Bay. Multiple trades: Detroit → LA Rams (PD). Detroit traded a seventh-round selection to the Rams in exchange for defensive end Michael Brockers.[Trade 75] LA Rams → Green Bay (PD). See Round 6: Green Bay → LA Rams.[Trade 56]
^No. 240: Baltimore → NY Giants (PD) → Jacksonville (D). Baltimore traded a seventh-round selection, a 2022 fifth-round selection, and guard Ben Bredeson to the Giants for a 2022 fourth-round selection.[Trade 76]
^No. 241: Minnesota → Denver → Pittsburgh. Multiple trades: Minnesota → Denver (PD). Minnesota traded Stephen Weatherly and a seventh-round selection to Denver in exchange for a 2022 seventh-round selection.[Trade 77] Denver → Pittsburgh (PD). See No. 195: Pittsburgh Denver.[Trade 59]
^No. 242: Jacksonville → Green Bay (PD). Jacksonville traded their seventh-round selection to Green Bay for guard Cole Van Lanen.[Trade 78]
^No. 245: Buffalo → Atlanta → New England. Multiple trades: Buffalo → Atlanta (PD). Buffalo traded a seventh-round selection to Atlanta in exchange for safety Dean Marlowe.[Trade 79] Atlanta → New England (PD). Atlanta traded a seventh-round selection to New England in exchange for tight end Jonnu Smith.[Trade 80]
Since 2021, the league under 2020 Resolution JC-2A rewards teams for developing minority candidates for head coach or general manager positions.[34] The resolution rewards teams whose minority candidates are hired away for one of those positions by awarding draft selections, which are at the end of the third round, after standard compensatory selections; if multiple teams qualify, they are awarded by draft order in the first round. These picks are in addition to, and have no impact on, the standard 32 compensatory selections.[35] Five picks were awarded for the 2023 draft pursuant to the resolution.
^Cleveland received a third-round selection along with a 2022 third-round selection when Minnesota hired the Browns' vice president of football operations Kwesi Adofo-Mensah as general manager.[23]
^Kansas City received a third-round selection and a 2022 third-round selection when Chicago hired the Chiefs' executive director of player personnel Ryan Poles as general manager.[26]
^San Francisco received a third-round selection and a second 2022 third-round selection after Miami also hired the 49ers' former offensive coordinator Mike McDaniel as head coach.[27]
^San Francisco received a third-round selection and a 2024 third-round selection after Tennessee hired former 49ers director of player personnel Ran Carthon as general manager.[28]
Notes
^Players are identified as Pro Bowlers if they were selected for the Pro Bowl at any time in their career.
Forfeited selections
^Miami forfeited its first-round selection as well as its 2024 third-round selection as punishment for multiple violations of the league's anti-tampering policy in conversations with quarterback Tom Brady and Don Yee, the agent for then-New Orleans Saints coach Sean Payton (as well as Brady).[4]
^Houston forfeited its fifth-round selection as punishment for a salary cap reporting violation.[33]